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RUSVM Toxicology 2016 > Illicit and Recreational Drugs > Flashcards

Illicit and Recreational Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the uses for Amphetamine?

A

Treatment of Attention Deficit disorder, obesity, and narcolepsy

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2
Q

Amphetamine

A

alpha-methylphenylethylamine

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3
Q

What is the toxicokinetics for Amphetamines?

A

Highly lipid soluble
absorbed orally
widely distributed including the CNS

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4
Q

What is the half life for Amphetamines?

A

3.7-6 hours

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Amphetamines?

A

CNS stimulant
Block reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
Inhibit MAO
Dopamine excitatory receptor agonist

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of Amphetamine toxicosis?

A 
Hyperactivity 
Tremors
metabolic acidosis 
rhaabdomyolysis 
myoglobinuria
renal failure
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7
Q

What specimens are collected for Amphetamine toxicosis?

A

blood
urine
saliva

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Amphetamine toxicosis?

A

Induction of emesis
Activated charcoal
Pentobarbital and propofol for seizures
Phenothiazine derivatives IV for dopamine excitatory receptor antagonists

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9
Q

What are the uses for Cocaine?

A

Topical local anesthetic for oral, laryngeal, and nasal cavities
used diagnostically to confirm the cause of miotic pupil in conditions such as Horner’s syndrome
Illicit drug

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10
Q

What are the properties of Cocaine?

A

an alkaloid from the leave of the plant

powder form which dissolves in water and is taken intravenously or intranasally

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11
Q

What are the toxicokinetics of Cocaine?

A

Highly lipid soluble ester
absorbed from all mucous membranes
crosses the blood-brain barrier and the alveolar capillary
Hydrolyzed by plasma and hepatic esterase and is methylated in the liver
Excreted unchanged

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Cocaine?

A

CNS stimulant and sympathomimetic
Blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
Increases catecholamine release
Sensitizes sympathetic effector cells to catecholamine
Has direct effect on the myocardium

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of Cocaine toxicosis?

A 
Vomiting 
Hypersalivation 
Mydriasis
Hyperactivity 
Tremors
Convulsive seizures 
Hyperthermia 
Tachycardia 
Tachypnea
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14
Q

What are the lesions associated with Cocaine toxicosis?

A

Myocardial degeneration
Subendocardial and epicardial hemorrhage
Pericardial effusion
Pulmonary hemorrhage

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15
Q

What are the laboratory findings for Cocaine toxicosis?

A

Elevated CK
Systemic acidosis
detected in serum, plasma, urine, and stomach contents

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Cocaine toxicosis?

A

Inducing vomiting in animals no showing clinical signs
Gastric lavage with activated charcoal
Diazepam IV for seizures

17
Q

What are the uses of marijuana?

A

treatment of nausea associated with anticancer chemotherapy

Treatment of anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS patients

18
Q

What are the properties of Marijuana?

A

the plant has the major active constituent tetrahydrocannabinol
Hashish oil contains up to 20% THC

19
Q

Hashish

A

dried resin from the flower tops and contains up to 10% THC

20
Q

Sinsemilla

A

seedless marijuana which contains about 5% THC

21
Q

What are the toxicokinetics of Marijuana?

A 
Highly lipid soluble 
absorbed orally and by inhalation 
binds extensively to plasma proteins
Widely distributed all over the body and CNS
metabolites excreted in bile and feces
22
Q

What is the half life of marijuana?

A

25-30 hours

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Marijuana Toxicosis?

A

CB1 cannabinoid receptor located in the brain with effects on memory, perceptrion, and control of movement
CB1 & CB2 cannabinoid receptor is found on immune cells

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of Marijuana toxicosis?

A 
vomiting 
CNS depression 
ataxia 
incoordination 
tremor
weakness
mydriasis 
hypothermia 
rare seizures 
hyperexcitability 
bradycardia or tachycardia 
hyperthermia 
apprehension
25
Q

What specimen can marijuana be detected in?

A

Urine

Stomach Contents

26
Q

What is the treatment for marijuana toxicosis?

A

Signs resolve spontaneously without treatment
Induction of emesis in animals that have not vomited
Activated charcoal repeatedly
Cathartic
Symptomatic and supportive treatments
Monitor body temperature

27
Q

What is the prognosis for marijuana toxicosis?

A

Cannabinoids have a wide safety margin and unlikely fatal

RUSVM Toxicology 2016 (32 decks)

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