Illicit and Recreational Drugs Flashcards
What are the uses for Amphetamine?
Treatment of Attention Deficit disorder, obesity, and narcolepsy
Amphetamine
alpha-methylphenylethylamine
What is the toxicokinetics for Amphetamines?
Highly lipid soluble
absorbed orally
widely distributed including the CNS
What is the half life for Amphetamines?
3.7-6 hours
What is the mechanism of action for Amphetamines?
CNS stimulant
Block reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
Inhibit MAO
Dopamine excitatory receptor agonist
What are the clinical signs of Amphetamine toxicosis?
Hyperactivity Tremors metabolic acidosis rhaabdomyolysis myoglobinuria renal failure
What specimens are collected for Amphetamine toxicosis?
blood
urine
saliva
What is the treatment for Amphetamine toxicosis?
Induction of emesis
Activated charcoal
Pentobarbital and propofol for seizures
Phenothiazine derivatives IV for dopamine excitatory receptor antagonists
What are the uses for Cocaine?
Topical local anesthetic for oral, laryngeal, and nasal cavities
used diagnostically to confirm the cause of miotic pupil in conditions such as Horner’s syndrome
Illicit drug
What are the properties of Cocaine?
an alkaloid from the leave of the plant
powder form which dissolves in water and is taken intravenously or intranasally
What are the toxicokinetics of Cocaine?
Highly lipid soluble ester
absorbed from all mucous membranes
crosses the blood-brain barrier and the alveolar capillary
Hydrolyzed by plasma and hepatic esterase and is methylated in the liver
Excreted unchanged
What is the mechanism of action for Cocaine?
CNS stimulant and sympathomimetic
Blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
Increases catecholamine release
Sensitizes sympathetic effector cells to catecholamine
Has direct effect on the myocardium
What are the clinical signs of Cocaine toxicosis?
Vomiting Hypersalivation Mydriasis Hyperactivity Tremors Convulsive seizures Hyperthermia Tachycardia Tachypnea
What are the lesions associated with Cocaine toxicosis?
Myocardial degeneration
Subendocardial and epicardial hemorrhage
Pericardial effusion
Pulmonary hemorrhage
What are the laboratory findings for Cocaine toxicosis?
Elevated CK
Systemic acidosis
detected in serum, plasma, urine, and stomach contents
What is the treatment for Cocaine toxicosis?
Inducing vomiting in animals no showing clinical signs
Gastric lavage with activated charcoal
Diazepam IV for seizures
What are the uses of marijuana?
treatment of nausea associated with anticancer chemotherapy
Treatment of anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS patients
What are the properties of Marijuana?
the plant has the major active constituent tetrahydrocannabinol
Hashish oil contains up to 20% THC
Hashish
dried resin from the flower tops and contains up to 10% THC
Sinsemilla
seedless marijuana which contains about 5% THC
What are the toxicokinetics of Marijuana?
Highly lipid soluble absorbed orally and by inhalation binds extensively to plasma proteins Widely distributed all over the body and CNS metabolites excreted in bile and feces
What is the half life of marijuana?
25-30 hours
What is the mechanism of action for Marijuana Toxicosis?
CB1 cannabinoid receptor located in the brain with effects on memory, perceptrion, and control of movement
CB1 & CB2 cannabinoid receptor is found on immune cells
What are the clinical signs of Marijuana toxicosis?
vomiting CNS depression ataxia incoordination tremor weakness mydriasis hypothermia rare seizures hyperexcitability bradycardia or tachycardia hyperthermia apprehension
