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RUSVM Toxicology 2016 > Chlorinated Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

What is the natural source of Organochlorines?

A 
Bacteria 
Fungi
Plants
Marine organisms
Insects
Animals/Humans
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2
Q

What are the chemical properties of Organchlorines?

A 
Persistent in the environment 
Reduced Reactivity 
Stability 
Lipophilic
Reduced solubility in water 
Soluble in oils
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3
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Small organisms take up and accumulate DDT/DDE in fatty tissues, which leads to toxic levels and death

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4
Q

What are the two classes of Organochlorines?

A

1st Generation

2nd Generation

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5
Q

What are the two main groups of Organochlorines?

A

DDT-type compound

Chlorinated alicyclics

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6
Q

What are chlorinated alicyclics?

A

neurotoxicants with different mechanism of action

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7
Q

Biomagnification

A

when organisms higher in the food chain eat small organisms lower in the food chain such that the environmental chemical is magnified

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8
Q

What was the major environmental impact that stopped the use of DDT?

A

Egg shell thinning in Bald Eagles and other birds of prey

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9
Q

Methoxychlor

A

developed to replace DDT

used to protect crops, ornamentals, livestock, pets against fleas, mosquitoes, cockroaches, and other insects

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10
Q

What were the reasons for Methoxychlor being in banned in 2003?

A

Acute toxicity
bioaccumulation
endocrine disruption activity

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11
Q

Lindane

A

used in pets and livestock as insecticide and ectoparasiticide

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12
Q

What is the source of exposure with Organochlorines?

A

Contaminated feed and water sources
Miscalculation of concentrations for spraying and dipping
Unsecured or unlabeled packages or containers
Lack of appropriate PPE

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13
Q

How are Organochlorines absorbed?

A

Dermally
Orally
inhalation

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14
Q

Where are Organochlorines stored in the body?

A

Body fat

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15
Q

What can causes redistribution of Organochlorines?

A

Disease
Aging
Fasting
Lactation

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16
Q

Where are Organochlorines dechlorinated, conjugated, and excreted?

A

Liver

17
Q

What is the major route of decontamination for Organochlorines?

A

Biliary Excretion

18
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action for Organochlorines?

A

Neuronal membrane permeability or transport of Na+ and K+ is altered
Axonal Na+ channels remain open and prevent repolarization
Hyper-excitability of the nerve

19
Q

What does Lindane inhibit?

A

GABA binding

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Organochlorine toxicosis?

A

CNS stimulation
Clonic-tonic seizures
Opisthotonos

21
Q

What are the lesions associated with Organochlorines?

A

None

22
Q

How do you diagnose Organochlorines?

A

History
Clinical Signs
Chemical analysis of tissues

23
Q

What is the treatment for Organochlorines?

A

No specific antidote
Decontamination: Emetics, activated charcoal, Bathing the animal
Symptomatic Treatment: control the seizures, O2, ventilation, fluids

RUSVM Toxicology 2016 (32 decks)

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