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Med School Yr 2 > Middle Ear > Flashcards

Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

where is the middle ear?

A

within the temporal bone

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2
Q

where does the middle ear extend from and to?

A

from tympanic membrane to the lateral wall of the inner ear

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3
Q

what is the main function of the middle ear?

A

transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear via auditory ossicles

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4
Q

what two parts can the middle ear be divided into?

A
  • tympanic cavity
  • epitympanic cavity
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5
Q

what does the tympanic cavity contain?

A

auditory ossicles - malleus, incus and stapes

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6
Q

what are the 3 auditory ossicles? list from largest to smallest

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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7
Q

what is the role of the auditory ossicles?

A

transmit sound vibrations through the middle ear

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8
Q

how do the auditory ossicles work?

A
  • sound vibrations causes tympanic membrane to move/oscillate
  • causes auditory ossicles to move
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9
Q

how does the malleus attach to the tympanic membrane?

A

via the handle of malleus

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10
Q

what do the two limbs on the incus attach to?

A

short limb - posterior wall of middle ear
long limb - joins to stapes

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11
Q

what does the base of the stapes attach to?

A

oval window of inner ear

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12
Q

describe how the auditory ossicles attach to each other:

A
  • handle of malleus attaches malleus to tympanic membrane
  • head of malleus articulates with incus in epitympanic recess
  • long limb of incus articulates with stapes
  • base of stapes joins the oval window of the inner ear
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13
Q

what cells are located posterior to the epitympanic recess?

A

mastoid air cells - found in mastoid process of temporal bone

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14
Q

what is the role of the mastoid air cells?

A
  • “buffer system of air”
  • release air into tympanic cavity when the pressure is too low
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15
Q

what connects the mastoid antrum (cavity that contains the mastoid air cells) with the middle ear?

A

aditus to mastoid antrum

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16
Q

what two muscles serve a protective function in the middle ear?

A

tensor tympani
stapedius

17
Q

what is the acoustic reflex?

A
  • tensor tympani and stapedius contract in response to loud noise
  • inhibits vibrations of auditory ossicles
  • reduces transmission of sound to inner ear
18
Q

where does the tensor tympani originate and attach?

A

originates from auditory tube
attaches to handle of malleus

19
Q

how does the tensor tympani pull the handle of malleus what contracting?

A

pulls it medially

20
Q

what is tensor tympani innervated by?

A

tensor tympani nerve - branch of mandibular

21
Q

where does the stapedius muscle attach?

A

stapes

22
Q

what is the stapedius muscle innervated by?

A

facial nerve

23
Q

what is the auditory/eustachian tube?

A

a cartilaginous and bony tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

24
Q

what is the role of the auditory tube?

A

equalises pressure of the middle ear to that of the external auditory meatus

25
Q

which wall of the nasopharynx does the auditory tube open into?

A

lateral wall

26
Q

why do middle ear infections tend to be more common in children than adults?

A

tube is shorter and straighter in children than in adults

27
Q

what is the pathology of otitis media with effusion/”glue ear”?

A
  • persistant dysfunction of the auditory tube causes a negative pressure to develop in the middle ear
  • draws out transudate from muscose of middle ear
  • causes infection
28
Q

how will the eardrum appear in a pt with otitis media with effusion?

A

inverted, wiht visible fluid inside the ear

29
Q

what is mastoiditis?

A

middle ear infection spreads to mastoid air cells

30
Q

what is a potentially fatal consequence of mastoiditis?

A

infection can spread to middle cranial fossa and cause meningitis

31
Q

Label this diagram showing the mastkid air cells

A
32
Q

Label the bones of the middle ear

A
33
Q

Label this diagram of the middle ear

A
34
Q

Label the muscles of the inner ear

A

Med School Yr 2 (96 decks)

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