9 - Structure & Function of Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle?

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
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2
Q

where is skeletal muscle located?

A

connected to bones

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3
Q

where is smooth muscle located?

A

hollow organs

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4
Q

what is the morphology of each type of muscle?

A

skeletal - striated
cardiac - striated
smooth - smooth

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5
Q

what is the control of each muscle type?

A

skeletal - voluntary
cardiac - involuntary
smooth - involuntary

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6
Q

what is the power of each muscle type?

A

skeletal - high power
cardiac - high power
smooth - high power

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7
Q

what is the typical activity of each muscle type?

A

skeletal - usually relaxed
cardiac - pump / cyclic
smooth - usally contracted

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8
Q

draw a diagram with the qualities of each different muscle type?
* location
* morphology
* control
* type of work
* activity

A
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9
Q

where does skeletal muscle originate from?

A

paraxial mesoderm and somites

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10
Q

specifically what part of the somite does skeletal muscle originate?

A

myotome

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11
Q

label the somite

A
  1. neural tube
  2. notochord
  3. aorta
  4. dorsal somite
  5. ventral somite
  6. somitocele
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12
Q

how does skeletal muscle form?

A

in waves

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13
Q

label the skeletal muscle

A
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14
Q

what neurotransmitter is present at NMJ?

A

ACh

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15
Q

what is the importance of T tubules at NMJ?

A

they ensure synchronised depolarisation across all myofibrils

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16
Q

what are the elements of the troponin complex?

17
Q

explain striated muscle contraction in 5 stages

A
  1. ATP binds to myosin head and causes dissociation of actin-myosin complex
  2. ATP hydrolysed - myosin heads return to resting conformation
  3. cross-bridge forms and myosin head binds in new position on actin
  4. P is released - myosin heads change formation, power stroke occurs, filaments slide past each other
  5. ADP released
18
Q

what are the 2 different types of contraction?

A

isometric - muscle does not shorten, but tension increases
isotonic - most common, muscle shortens

19
Q

what is a muscle unit?

A

muscle fibres innervated by a single MN

20
Q

what is a motor unit?

A

muscle unit plus its motor neuron

21
Q

what is a motor neuron pool?

A

collection of neurons innervating a single muscle

22
Q

what is the difference between fine motor control and coarse control in terms of muscle fibres?

A

fine - few muscle fibres per motor unit
coarse - many muscle fibres per motor unit

23
Q

typically a muscle is controlled by how many motor neurons?

24
Q

typically each motor neuron controls how many muscle fibres over the muscle?

25
what are type 1 muscle fibres?
oxidative slow red
26
what are type 2B muscle fibres?
glycolitic fast white
27
what are type 2A muscle fibres?
glycolitic fast red
28
what muscle fibres may a marathon runner typically have?
type 1
29
what muscle fibres may a sprinter typically have?
type 2A
30
what is a muscle strain?
* pulled muscle * muscle is overstretched, overused, improperly used | *
31
what is a muscle tear?
* muscle and blood vessels that supply it are torn * significant force is neede
32
what is rhabdomyolysis
* muscle fibres die and content released into blood stream * results in kidney failure
33
what is muscle contusion?
* muscle bruise * blunt object striked body and crushes underlying muscle tissue
34
muscle injury causes what two things?
* inflammation * proliferation
35
what are 3 types of chronic muscle damage?
* genetic diseases * chronic inflammatory diseases * sarcopenia
36
what is sarcopenia?
reduction of muscle mass and strength associated to aging, cachexia, malnutrition
37
what is the gene responsible for muscular dystrophy?
* X-linked recessive disease * mutuation of dystrophin gene
38
fill in this table of muscle fibres