4 - Effects of Deafness on Listening + Attention Flashcards
pre-lingial deafness
hearing is lost before speech is acquired
post-lingual deafness
hearing is lost after speech is acquried
what is hearing also referred to as?
audibility
what is listening also referred to as?
intelligibility
audibility is carried by what sounds?
- vowel sounds
- low to mid frequency with high energy
intelligibility is carried by what sounds?
- consonants
- high frequency sounds with low energy
sounds between 2-4Khz carry how much intelligibility of speech compared to energy?
90% of intelligibility compared to only 10% of energy of speech
are audibility and intelligibility the same thing?
no
why are hearing and attention linked?
- to understand speech and not just hear it, attention is required
- active listeners have to make decisions about what to attend to during conversation.
- if just hearing is difficult, fatigue occurs and you won’t have the energy to attend to speech
what are the 4 stages of listening?
- detection
- discrimination
- identification
- comprehension
ongoing + not discreet
when does detection of sound begin?
in utero around 25-27 weeks gestation
what is hearing discrimination?
learning the key features that are associated with a sound/phoneme/word both in isolation and in continuous speech
give an example of how people can continue developing auditory discrimination later in life:
discriminating and identifying bird song
identification of sound requires what?
memory to attribute meaning
what is auditory identification?
- differentiating between speech and environmental sounds and sounds and words
- having the ability to identify patterns of sound
what are the suprasegmental features of speech?
rhythm, intonation, stress
why might a deaf child struggle to form/maintain friendships?
- work harder to understand speech
- results in fatigue
- reduces motivation to socialise or play with others
what is meant by auditory comprehension/
listening becomes closely linked with language - words, sentences, discourse and narrative
why might children have difficulty with auditory comprehension, specifically deaf children?
- children have limited auditory closure skills as they have limited language, knowledge of the world and other skills
describe the development of attention in 6 stages
- fleeting attention
- inflexible and rigid attention
- flexible single channelled attention
- focussed single channelled attention
- two channelled attention
- sustained attention
fleeting attention
child is highly distracted by other sounds and movements
inflexible and rigid attention
child focusses on an activity of their choice
flexible single channelled attention
child’s attention can be transferred from the task when directed by an adult
focussed single channelled attention
focus can be directed from the task to the adult under the child’s own control
