10 - ICP and Cranial Oedema Flashcards
1
Q
*
what are 2 early signs of elevated ICP?
A
drowsiness and diminished levels of consciousness
2
Q
what are 2 late signs of elevated ICP?
A
coma
unilateral pupillary changes
3
Q
emergent treatment of ICP is most quickly achieved by what?
A
- intubation and hyperventilation
- causes vasoconstriction (oxygen lack theory)
- reduces cerebral blood volume
4
Q
what are the 2 types of oedema?
A
- vasogenic oedema
- cytotoxic oedema
5
Q
what is vasogenic oedema?
A
influx of fluid and solutes into the brain through incompetent BBB
6
Q
what is cytotoxic oedema?
A
cellular swelling
7
Q
cranial oedema is usually what type of oedema?
A
both vasogenic and cytotoxic
8
Q
what is the 4 stage treatment of cranial oedema?
A
- elevate head 30 degrees
- intubate and hyperventilate - IV cerebral blood flow due to vasoconstriction
- IV mannitol - osmotic diuretic
- ventricular damage - removal of CSF
9
Q
what is a cranietomy?
A
surgical removal of part of cranium - exposes brain and meninges for inspection or biopsy or to relieve excessive ICP
10
Q
A
