Histology - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

nervous tissue is comprised of what two things?

A

neurons and neuroglia

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2
Q

what is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

A

neuron

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3
Q

what provides metabolic and structural support to the nervous system?

A

neuroglia

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4
Q

most neurons in the body are what type of neuron?

A

multipolar

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5
Q

where are bipolar neurons commonly found?

A

special senses eg in the eye

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6
Q

what are unipolar neurons also known as?

A

1st order sensory neurons

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7
Q

what are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

A
  • astrocytes
  • oligodendrocytes
  • microglia
  • ependymal cells
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8
Q

what is the role of astrocytes?

A

maintains chemical environments, provides nutrients, remove excess neurotransmitter and contribute to the blood brain barrier

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9
Q

what is the role of the microglia?

A

engulf invading microorganisms, migrate to areas of nerve injury to clear dead cells

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10
Q

what is the role of oligodendrocytes?

A

produce the myelin sheath around axons of the CNS neurons

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11
Q

what is the role of ependymal cells?

A

line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord, form CSF and assist in its circulation

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12
Q

why is the white matter in the spinal cord white?

A

there are axons found in the white matter, and they are covered in myelin sheath - this appears white

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13
Q

what part of the neuron is located in the gray matter?

A

nerve cell body

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14
Q

the ventral horn contains what?

A

nerve cell bodies of motor neurons

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15
Q

the dorsal horn contains what?

A

nerve cell bodies of sensory neurons

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16
Q

what does the lateral horn contain?

A

nerve cell bodies of autonomic neurons

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17
Q

what shape are nerve cell bodies of motor neurones?

A

pyrimidal

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18
Q

what are the two neuroglia of the PNS?

A

schwann cells
satellite cells

19
Q

what is the role of schwann cells?

A
  • produce the myelin sheath around the axons of the PNS neurones
  • participate in the regeneration of PNS axons
20
Q

what is the role of satellite cells?

A
  • located in the PNS ganglia
  • provide metabolic support for the neurones and remove excess neurotransmitter
21
Q

ganglion

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

22
Q

nucleus

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system

23
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons traelling in the peripheral nervous system

24
Q

tract/fasiculus

A

a bundle of axons travelling in the central nervous system

25
a collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
ganglion
26
a collection of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system
nucleus
27
bundle of axons traelling in the peripheral nervous system
nerve
28
a bundle of axons travelling in the central nervous system
tract/fasiculus
29
endoneurium
connective tissue later surrounding a single nerve fibre
30
fascicle
bundle of nerve fibres
31
what is a fascicle surrounded by?
perineurium - connective tissue layer
32
what is a peripheral nerve made of?
bundles of fascicles
33
bundles of fascicles are surrounded by what?
epineurium
34
list the layers of a peripheral nerve, from innermost layer to outermost:
* endoneurium * fascicle * perineurium * nerve * epineurium
35
what are the 3 types of ganglia?
sensory - no synapses sympathetic - synapse occurs parasympathetic - synapse occurs
36
# q what do the sensory ganglia contain?
nerve cell bodies of first order sensory neurons
37
which cranial nerves have sensory ganglia?
* trigeminal * geniculate * superior and inferior glossopharyngeal * superior and inferior vagal
38
where are the sympathetic ganglia located?
located in the sympathetic chains (paravertebral ganglia) or in prevertebral ganglion
39
what do sympathetic ganglia contain?
nerve cell bodies of post ganglionic sympathetic neurones
40
where are parasympathetic ganglia located?
close to, or within the walls of, the organs that they innervate
41
what do parasympathetic ganglia contain?
nerve cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic fibres
42
which 4 cranial nerves have parasympathetic ganglia associated with them?
* oculomotor * facial * glossopharyngeal * vagus
43