Histology - Nervous System

Question 1

nervous tissue is comprised of what two things?

Answer 1

neurons and neuroglia

Question 2

what is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 2

neuron

Question 3

what provides metabolic and structural support to the nervous system?

Answer 3

neuroglia

Question 4

most neurons in the body are what type of neuron?

Answer 4

multipolar

Question 5

where are bipolar neurons commonly found?

Answer 5

special senses eg in the eye

Question 6

what are unipolar neurons also known as?

Answer 6

1st order sensory neurons

Question 7

what are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

Answer 7

• astrocytes
• oligodendrocytes
• microglia
• ependymal cells

Question 8

what is the role of astrocytes?

Answer 8

maintains chemical environments, provides nutrients, remove excess neurotransmitter and contribute to the blood brain barrier

Question 9

what is the role of the microglia?

Answer 9

engulf invading microorganisms, migrate to areas of nerve injury to clear dead cells

Question 10

what is the role of oligodendrocytes?

Answer 10

produce the myelin sheath around axons of the CNS neurons

Question 11

what is the role of ependymal cells?

Answer 11

line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord, form CSF and assist in its circulation

Question 12

why is the white matter in the spinal cord white?

Answer 12

there are axons found in the white matter, and they are covered in myelin sheath - this appears white

Question 13

what part of the neuron is located in the gray matter?

Answer 13

nerve cell body

Question 14

the ventral horn contains what?

Answer 14

nerve cell bodies of motor neurons

Question 15

the dorsal horn contains what?

Answer 15

nerve cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 16

what does the lateral horn contain?

Answer 16

nerve cell bodies of autonomic neurons

Question 17

what shape are nerve cell bodies of motor neurones?

Answer 17

pyrimidal

Question 18

what are the two neuroglia of the PNS?

Answer 18

schwann cells
satellite cells

Question 19

what is the role of schwann cells?

Answer 19

• produce the myelin sheath around the axons of the PNS neurones
• participate in the regeneration of PNS axons

Question 20

what is the role of satellite cells?

Answer 20

• located in the PNS ganglia
• provide metabolic support for the neurones and remove excess neurotransmitter

Question 21

ganglion

Answer 21

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Question 22

nucleus

Answer 22

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system

Question 23

nerve

Answer 23

bundle of axons traelling in the peripheral nervous system

Question 24

tract/fasiculus

Answer 24

a bundle of axons travelling in the central nervous system

Question 25

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 25

ganglion

Question 26

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the central nervous system

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

bundle of axons traelling in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 27

nerve

Question 28

a bundle of axons travelling in the central nervous system

Answer 28

tract/fasiculus

Question 29

endoneurium

Answer 29

connective tissue later surrounding a single nerve fibre

Question 30

fascicle

Answer 30

bundle of nerve fibres

Question 31

what is a fascicle surrounded by?

Answer 31

perineurium - connective tissue layer

Question 32

what is a peripheral nerve made of?

Answer 32

bundles of fascicles

Question 33

bundles of fascicles are surrounded by what?

Answer 33

epineurium

Question 34

list the layers of a peripheral nerve, from innermost layer to outermost:

Answer 34

• endoneurium
• fascicle
• perineurium
• nerve
• epineurium

Question 35

what are the 3 types of ganglia?

Answer 35

sensory - no synapses
sympathetic - synapse occurs
parasympathetic - synapse occurs

Question 36

q

what do the sensory ganglia contain?

Answer 36

nerve cell bodies of first order sensory neurons

Question 37

which cranial nerves have sensory ganglia?

Answer 37

• trigeminal
• geniculate
• superior and inferior glossopharyngeal
• superior and inferior vagal

Question 38

where are the sympathetic ganglia located?

Answer 38

located in the sympathetic chains (paravertebral ganglia) or in prevertebral ganglion

Question 39

what do sympathetic ganglia contain?

Answer 39

nerve cell bodies of post ganglionic sympathetic neurones

Question 40

where are parasympathetic ganglia located?

Answer 40

close to, or within the walls of, the organs that they innervate

Question 41

what do parasympathetic ganglia contain?

Answer 41

nerve cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic fibres

Question 42

which 4 cranial nerves have parasympathetic ganglia associated with them?

Answer 42

• oculomotor
• facial
• glossopharyngeal
• vagus