Mechanisms of infectious disease

Question 1

What is a host?

Answer 1

organism capable or allowed to be infected

Question 2

What is infectious disease

Answer 2

state if disease having another interaction with a organism

Question 3

What is Colonization?

Answer 3

organisms living and multiplying and living in the host

Question 4

What is microflora?

Answer 4

Bacteria that naturally live on surfaces on body

Question 5

What is virulence?

Answer 5

Indicates degree to which organism will produce disease

Question 6

What is the difference between microflora and pathogen?

Answer 6

-Microflora normally live on our body either in Gi tract or our skin. They are mostly useful bacteria
-pathogens cause disease and they can take over when body is weak or pathogens come in from the outside

Question 7

What is the triad of infectious disease model

Answer 7

-The environment and host interact
-The host and agent interact
-Agent and environment interact and they all interact with each other

Question 8

What are agents of infectious disease?

Answer 8

-Prions
-Viruses
-bacteria
-Rickettsiaceae
-chlamydiacease
-fungi
-parasites

Question 9

What are virsuses?

Answer 9

-Smallest structure that can cause illnesses
-No cellular structure and protein structure
-Can not replicate outside cell, need cells RNA and DNA to make more virus

Question 10

***Microorganisms
Describe fungi

Answer 10

eukaryotctes
-Yeast and mold, they require a cooler temperature than body core temp to replicate.
-Most infections happen outside of the body and
-mostly on skin and
-can cause life threatening when the host does not have enough strenght to fight back the mold and yeast

Question 11

***Microorganisms
Describe bacteria

Answer 11

prokaryotes( no nucleus)
-use host for food and shelter
-produces biofilms that allow it to stick and colonize the tissue it invades

Question 12

**Other microorganism
Where is protozoa found?

Answer 12

Common in water

Question 13

**Other microorganism
What are prions

Answer 13

Proteins found in infected animals and can be ingested from infected meat

Question 14

**Other microorganism
Where can worms be found

Answer 14

Found within body space

Question 15

Describe rickettsiaceae, anaplasmatacecae, chlamydiaceae,coxiella

Answer 15

Other organisms that have viral and bacterial characteristics that can cause variety of illness
-chlamydia is more common than the others
-They produce asexually
-They are similar to bacteria

Question 16

What are types of parasites?

Answer 16

Protozoa
Helminths
Arthropods

Question 17

describe parasites

Answer 17

small animals that infect by invading larger animals and setting up a home, so the animals can transmit the illness to humans

Question 18

What is epidemology

Answer 18

science of studying how disease occurs and progresses

Question 19

What us incidence

Answer 19

Number of new cases that happen

Question 20

What is prevalence

Answer 20

total amount of active cases at any given time

Question 21

What do you need for classifcation of infectious disease?

Answer 21

Incidence
portal of entry- how it enetered the body
source of transmission- how it penetrates
symptoms
how long the disease last
What part of the body gets infected
Virulence factors-how sick does that person get

Question 22

What is endemic disease?

Answer 22

A disease found in specific geographic region that is expected and stable
If there is a pattern disease occurring in a geographic area

Question 23

What is epidemic

Answer 23

Unexpected increase of a disease
like influenza unexpected cases that comes every year

Question 24

What is pandemic

Answer 24

Spread of disease globally

Question 25

***Location
What is nosomial?

Answer 25

Occurred within hospital patients

Question 26

***Location of disease
What is community required

Answer 26

Disease acquired outside healthcare facilities in the community and brought into the hospital setting

Question 27

***Symptomatology
What is specific symptoms ?

Answer 27

Talk about site of infections like diahrrhea,rash, hemmorage, pneumonia

Question 28

***Symptomatology
What are non specific symptoms?

Answer 28

Shared by number of infectious disease like fever muscle pain, headache which can occur with anything

Question 29

***Symptomatology
What are obvious symptoms?

Answer 29

predictable pattens like chicken pox or measles

Question 30

***Symptomatology
What are covert symptoms ?

Answer 30

Symptoms under the surface that require laboratory testing to confirm

Question 31

***Disease course of infection
Whatt is incubation period?

Answer 31

pathogen has infected host and actively replicating in background
-no symptoms like prep period of pathogen infecting host

Question 32

***Disease course of infection
What is the prodomal stage ?

Answer 32

Intial appearance of symptoms
-symptoms are vague and not specific

Question 33

***Disease course of infection
What is the acute stage?

Answer 33

-Lots of replication, proliferation of patho gen
and symptoms are more prounounced

Question 34

***Disease course of infection
What is the convalescent stage ?

Answer 34

-Pathogen is eliminated by body or medication

Question 35

***Disease course of infection
What is the resolution stage?

Answer 35

The pathogen has completely eliminated from the body

Question 36

bioteerrorism
What is category A agents

Answer 36

plague
tularemia
smallpox
hemorrhagic fever viruses

Question 37

bioterrorism
What is category B agents

Answer 37

Agents of food borne and water born disease
Agents of zoonotic infections
vira; encephalitides
toxins from castor bean

Question 38

Bioterrorism
what are categories C agents

Answer 38

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nipah virus hantavirus
Tick borne and yellow fever virsuses
cryptosporidum parvum