Mechanisms of infectious disease Flashcards
What is a host?
organism capable or allowed to be infected
What is infectious disease
state if disease having another interaction with a organism
What is Colonization?
organisms living and multiplying and living in the host
What is microflora?
Bacteria that naturally live on surfaces on body
What is virulence?
Indicates degree to which organism will produce disease
What is the difference between microflora and pathogen?
-Microflora normally live on our body either in Gi tract or our skin. They are mostly useful bacteria
-pathogens cause disease and they can take over when body is weak or pathogens come in from the outside
What is the triad of infectious disease model
-The environment and host interact
-The host and agent interact
-Agent and environment interact and they all interact with each other
What are agents of infectious disease?
-Prions
-Viruses
-bacteria
-Rickettsiaceae
-chlamydiacease
-fungi
-parasites
What are virsuses?
-Smallest structure that can cause illnesses
-No cellular structure and protein structure
-Can not replicate outside cell, need cells RNA and DNA to make more virus
***Microorganisms
Describe fungi
eukaryotctes
-Yeast and mold, they require a cooler temperature than body core temp to replicate.
-Most infections happen outside of the body and
-mostly on skin and
-can cause life threatening when the host does not have enough strenght to fight back the mold and yeast
***Microorganisms
Describe bacteria
prokaryotes( no nucleus)
-use host for food and shelter
-produces biofilms that allow it to stick and colonize the tissue it invades
**Other microorganism
Where is protozoa found?
Common in water
**Other microorganism
What are prions
Proteins found in infected animals and can be ingested from infected meat
**Other microorganism
Where can worms be found
Found within body space
Describe rickettsiaceae, anaplasmatacecae, chlamydiaceae,coxiella
Other organisms that have viral and bacterial characteristics that can cause variety of illness
-chlamydia is more common than the others
-They produce asexually
-They are similar to bacteria
What are types of parasites?
Protozoa
Helminths
Arthropods
describe parasites
small animals that infect by invading larger animals and setting up a home, so the animals can transmit the illness to humans
What is epidemology
science of studying how disease occurs and progresses
What us incidence
Number of new cases that happen
What is prevalence
total amount of active cases at any given time
What do you need for classifcation of infectious disease?
Incidence
portal of entry- how it enetered the body
source of transmission- how it penetrates
symptoms
how long the disease last
What part of the body gets infected
Virulence factors-how sick does that person get
What is endemic disease?
A disease found in specific geographic region that is expected and stable
If there is a pattern disease occurring in a geographic area
What is epidemic
Unexpected increase of a disease
like influenza unexpected cases that comes every year
What is pandemic
Spread of disease globally
***Location
What is nosomial?
Occurred within hospital patients
***Location of disease
What is community required
Disease acquired outside healthcare facilities in the community and brought into the hospital setting
***Symptomatology
What is specific symptoms ?
Talk about site of infections like diahrrhea,rash, hemmorage, pneumonia
***Symptomatology
What are non specific symptoms?
Shared by number of infectious disease like fever muscle pain, headache which can occur with anything
***Symptomatology
What are obvious symptoms?
predictable pattens like chicken pox or measles
***Symptomatology
What are covert symptoms ?
Symptoms under the surface that require laboratory testing to confirm
***Disease course of infection
Whatt is incubation period?
pathogen has infected host and actively replicating in background
-no symptoms like prep period of pathogen infecting host
***Disease course of infection
What is the prodomal stage ?
Intial appearance of symptoms
-symptoms are vague and not specific
***Disease course of infection
What is the acute stage?
-Lots of replication, proliferation of patho gen
and symptoms are more prounounced
***Disease course of infection
What is the convalescent stage ?
-Pathogen is eliminated by body or medication
***Disease course of infection
What is the resolution stage?
The pathogen has completely eliminated from the body
bioteerrorism
What is category A agents
plague
tularemia
smallpox
hemorrhagic fever viruses
bioterrorism
What is category B agents
Agents of food borne and water born disease
Agents of zoonotic infections
vira; encephalitides
toxins from castor bean
Bioterrorism
what are categories C agents
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nipah virus hantavirus
Tick borne and yellow fever virsuses
cryptosporidum parvum
