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Pathophysiology > Chapter 25 structure and function of cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Chapter 25 structure and function of cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

***What is the function of circulatory system?

A

-Main function is to transport
-Deliver o2 and nutrients to the tissues
-Circulates electrolytes and hormones
-Transport immune substances that contribute to the body defense mechanism
But it also carries out waste products

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2
Q

What does the circulatory system circulate?

A

Electrolytes and hormones

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3
Q

What does the circulatory system deliver?

A

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues

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4
Q

What does the circulatory system carry?

A

-Waste
-Nutrients
-O2
-blood
-

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5
Q

What does the circulatory system regulate?

A

helps regulate temperature

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6
Q

Which ventricle is anterior?

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

Which ventricle is posterier ?

A

Left ventricle

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8
Q

What are the heart layers?

A

-Endocardium
-Myocardium
-Pericardium

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9
Q

Describe Endocardium?

A

-Where the pockets of blood are
-Innermost layer
-Flexible, fibrous connective tissue

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10
Q

Describe myocardium

A

-Gives heart pumping action
-Cardiac muscle

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11
Q

Describe pericardium?

A

-wrapper layer
-outtermost layer

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12
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

-Space between visceral pericardium
-Envelope/wrapper like
- Contains fluid to provode lubercation

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13
Q

What do the heart valves do?

A

Regulate blood flow through the heart

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14
Q

Where is the (Right) Tricuspid valve located

A

Between right atrium and right ventricle

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15
Q

Where is the (right) Pulmonic valve located?

A

Right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Where is the (left) mitral valve located?

A

Between left atrium and left ventricle

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17
Q

Where is the (left) Aortic valve located?

A

Left ventricle and the aorta

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18
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

Term used to describe rhythmic pumping of the heart? (lub dub sound?

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19
Q

What are two parts to the cardiac cycle?

A

-Systole
-Diastole

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20
Q

What happens during systole?

A

Ventricles are contracting

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21
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

Ventricles are relaxing and being filled with blood

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22
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries

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23
Q

How is blood pressure calculated?

A

Blood pressure is calculated by cardiac output x pulmonary vascular resistance
co X pvr
Cardiac output x Pulmonary vascular resistance

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24
Q

How do you calculate Cardiac Output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate
SV x HR

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25
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The measurement of the amount of blood the heart pumps each minute

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26
Q

How do you calculate Pulmonary vascular resistance ?

A

Afterload

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27
Q

What are the two values of blood pressure?

A

Systolic and diastolic

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28
Q

Where is systolic and diastolic located?

A

Systolic-numerator
diastolic- denominator

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29
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

Pressure against arterial wall during conractions

30
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

measures the pressure when your heart is in its resting phase,

31
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The number of times the heart beats each minute

32
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood being pumped with each bump

33
Q

What is pulmonary vascular resistance?

A

The resistance of the pulmonary artery to blood flow from left atrium

34
Q

**Workload of heart
What is preload?

A

Preload is Ventricular filling
- The measurement of ventricles filling up
-Blood coming from the body to fill and stretch ventricles
-End volume pressure that stretches right or left ventricle

35
Q

**Workload of heart
What is afterload?

A

Afterload is resistance
-The pressure generated in the left ventricle needed to pump the blood out of the heart

36
Q

**Workload of heart
What is cardiac contractility?

A

The ability for the heart to contraction without changing its resting (disatole)

37
Q

What is hemodynamics?

A

How blood flows in the circulatory system

38
Q

**Composition of blood vessels
What is the Tunica externa?

A

-Fibrous and connective tissue that supports the vessels
-wrapper vessel and outermost

39
Q

**Composition of blood vessels
What is tunica media?

A

-Responsible for vascular tone
-smooth muscle
-Constricts to regulate and control diameter of the vessel

40
Q

**Composition of blood vessels
What is the Tunica intima ?

A

-Hooked on to blood flow
-Thin layer, endothelial cells

41
Q

**Circulatory system
What is circulatory system?

A

Closed system where the heart consists of two pumps in series
Consists of Arterial and Venous

42
Q

what is aterial pressure?

A

pressure measured within large arteries in the systemic circulation
-Higher pressure
-90-100mm/hg
-This would include systemic circulation

43
Q

What is venous pressure?

A

the vascular pressure in a vein or the atria of the heart
-lower pressure
-12mm hg
-Pressure inside your veins
-This would include pulmonary circulation

44
Q

**Local control of blood flow
What is auto regulation?

A

-The body changes tone of vessel to get blood where it needs to go
-Happens due to changes in the blood vessel tone because changes in the flow through the vessel or by local factors

45
Q

What can autoregulation be caused by?

A

-Lack 02
-Hypermia
-endothelial control
-accumulation of tissue metabolites

46
Q

**Local control of blood flow
What is long term ?

A

-If short term doesn’t work,body will create long term effects

47
Q

What can happen in long term ?

A

The body can create new vessels, collateral circulation, anastomotic channels

48
Q

**Microcirculation
What do arteries and arterioles function as?

A

Distribution system to move blood to tissue (high pressure system )
-Move blood away from the heart to tissues

49
Q

What is the function of capillaries ?

A

Work as an exchange system
- transfers gases,nutrients, and waste takes place (smallest)

50
Q

What’s the function of venues and veins

A

Serve as collection and storage vessels that return blood to the heart (low pressure system )
-Moves blood to the heart

51
Q

**Arterial system
Describes arteries

A

-stretch during a cardiac systole and recoil during diastole
-Thick walled vessels with large amounts of elastic

52
Q

**arterial system
Describe arterioles

A

-Serve as resistance vessels of circulatory system
-act as control value through which blood is released as it moves into capillaries

53
Q

What’s the function if capillaries?

A

-Connect the arterial and venous segments
-Interstitial fluid exchange
-Controlled by hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

54
Q

describe lymphatic system

A

-Main route for absorption of nutrients
-Filters fluid at lymph nodes, and removes foreign particles such as bactersi
-Anything that is left behind is picked up by the lymphatic tissue
-Lymph is derived from interstitial fluid

55
Q

Function of lymphatic system?

A

Filters fluid @lymph node and remove foreign particles

56
Q

** neural control of circulatory function
Where is the neural control of circulatory function located?

A

Medulla oblongata

57
Q

** neural control of circulatory function
What is the vasomotor center?

A

Contains controlling sympathetic- mediated acceleration of heart rate and blood vessel tone

58
Q

** neural control of circulatory function
What is the cardioinhibitory center?

A

Contains the third, which controls parasympathetic mediated slowing of heart rate

59
Q

** Autonomic nervous system
What does sympathetic do

A

Controls smooth muscle tone of blood vessels
-Norepinephrine is neurotransmitter

60
Q

** Autonomic nervous system
What does parasympathetic do?

A

Regulates heart function but not the blood vessels
Acetylecoline- neurotransmitter

61
Q

What does the central nervous system do?

A

Regulates vasomotor tone and blood pressure to the brain

62
Q

What is the cardiac conduction system?

A

Electricity component of heart

63
Q

Order of electrical pulse?

A

1.) SA node(pace maker of heart. 60-100 hb)
2.)Av node(40-60hb)
3.) Bundle of his(20 hb)
4.) right and left bundle branches(20 hb)
5.) Purkinje fibers( 20 hb)

64
Q

What is noepinerine

A

vasoconstrictor

65
Q

What is angiotensin ll

A

Most powerful vasoconstrictor

66
Q

What is serotonin?

A

vasoconstrictor
IMportant role in controlling bleeding

67
Q

What is prostagladins

A

vasoconstrictor and vasodilate

68
Q

What is epinephrine?

A

Some vasoconstriction and dilate

69
Q

What is histamine?

A

Vasodilate

70
Q

What is bradykinn

A

Intense vasodilation of arteries, permeability, constriction of venules

Pathophysiology (33 decks)

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