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Pathophysiology > Chapter 32 bookie > Flashcards

Chapter 32 bookie Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron
Doing most of the work

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2
Q

What is the nephron responsible for?

A

Filtration of blood
Removal of waste products
Reabsorption of important materials

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3
Q

What would the nephron filter?

A

Small molecules from the plasma

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4
Q

What is the glomerular filtration?

A

-Filtering system in the kidney that helps clean blood
-System of nephron

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5
Q

How many layers does glomerular filtration occur in?

A

3

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6
Q

What does the glomerular filtration reabsorb?

A

Reabsorb nutrients and molecules to make sure your body stays balanced
(water,glucose, amino acids, electrolytes and vitamins)

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7
Q

What does the nephron filter

A

Filters blood to remove waste
Urea,creatinine, Excess water,excess glucose,toxins,

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8
Q

What are the two capillary

A

-Glomerulus capillary system
-peritubulat capillary system

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9
Q

What is the glomerular capillary system

A

-high pressure capillary filtration system
-Dilates or constricts to maintain pressure inside the kidneys

Located between afferent and efferent artioles

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10
Q

What is the peritubular capillary system

A

-Low pressure system that reabsorb a nutrients that the body needs
-deliver waste to be excreted into urine
-originated from efferent arterioles

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11
Q

What is the end result of tubular filtration?

A

Urine

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12
Q

Where does the urine filtrate flow through?

A

Tubular component of the nephron

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13
Q

What is urine ?

A

Waste in liquid from that is excreted from the body, by the kidneys through urinination

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14
Q

What is high in nitrate?

A

URINEEE!!!

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15
Q

**Active transport
What are symporters and antiporters?

A

Both involved in active transport
-Antiporters transport molecules in opposite directions
-Symporters transport molecules in the same direction

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16
Q

What is urine volume and urine concentration regulated by?

A

ADH

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17
Q

What is the kidney responsible for eliminating?

A

-Renal clearance
-Regulation of sodium
-Potassium elimination
-pH dependent of organic molecules
-Uric acid eliminatiom
-Drug elimination

18
Q

What is renal clearance?

A

Renal clearance is a measurement to see how quickly the kidneys can filter and remove a particular substance from the blood and excreted in urine

(Can be medication to see how quickly kidnye can get ride of the medication and filter it)

19
Q

What can happen when your kidney’s malfunction?

A

Things that should be getting eliminated, will increase and build up

20
Q

What is net glomerular filtartion rate?

A

How good your kidney’s are filtering blood and removing waste products

21
Q

What does the juxtaglomerular appartus do?

A

Structure in kidney that regulates how each nephron is functioning and other functional units in the kidney

22
Q

What does the RAS system do and what does you kidney do for the bone marrow?

A

-RAS reugulates blood pressure
-Kidney helps balance the amount of rbc being produced in the bone marrow

23
Q

What is erythropoietin and what does it do?

A

A hormone excreted by the kidney that helps stimulate the production of rbc in the bone marrow

could be response to low o2 in blood

24
Q

How does the kidney play a role with Vitamin D?

A

Converts Vitamin d from supplements or the sun that is needed for the body

25
Q

What should normal urine look like?

A

Clear, pale, yellow fluid
95% water
5% of dissolved solids

26
Q

How much urine should be produced by the kidneys daily?

A

1.5 liters of urine everyday

27
Q

What should the urine contain and not contain?

A

Can contain metabolic waste and maybe a few plasma protiens
-NO blood cells
-NO glucose molecules

28
Q

What does renal clearance determine

A

-How much substances the glomeruli is actually filtering
-How much the renal tubules can reabsorb or the amount of the substance that can be secreted

29
Q

What are test that can measure renal function in clincial setting

A

-Urinalysis(urine sample)
-Blood test( Serum creatine, blood urea nitrogen)
-GFR
-Cytoscopy
-Ultrasonography
-Radiologic and other image studies

30
Q

Describe structure of renal cast

A

-Made of wbc,rbc, kidney cells and other substances like fat and protein
-Not visible to human eyes, but visible in microscope
-Tiny tube shaped particle

31
Q

Why would Renal cast start to develope?

A

-Protein concentration of urine is high
-Urine osmolality is high
-Urine ph is low
determined during urine testing

32
Q

What is specific gravity

A

Measuring density of a substance compared to density of water

33
Q

What does the Urine specific gravity do?

A

-Provides information of
-How hydrated the kidney is by if it’s concentrated or diluted
-How well the kidney is able to function

34
Q

How much concentrated urine does the kidney produce with a specific gravity?

A

1.030 to 1.040

35
Q

what will you’re specific gravity be is you are over hydrated or dehydrated

A
36
Q

What re factors that can affect how the GFR functions?

A

-Increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
-Increase in glomerular capillary osmotic pressure
- Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure in bowman capsule

37
Q

What does serum creatinine determine?

A

Used to estimate how the kidney is function
-If the value doubles for creatinine the Gfr has fallen to 1/2 of its state

38
Q

What does a rise of serum creatinine level to three times mean?

A

75% loss of kidney function

39
Q

What does it mean if creatinine values is 10mg/dl or more

A

About 90% of renal function is lost

40
Q

What are normal creatinine levels in the blood

A

Males(0.6-1.1)
Females(0.5-1.1)
Infants (less than 0.2)
Person with one kidney( 1.8 to 1.9)

Pathophysiology (33 decks)

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