Chapter 32 bookie Flashcards
What is the function unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Doing most of the work
What is the nephron responsible for?
Filtration of blood
Removal of waste products
Reabsorption of important materials
What would the nephron filter?
Small molecules from the plasma
What is the glomerular filtration?
-Filtering system in the kidney that helps clean blood
-System of nephron
How many layers does glomerular filtration occur in?
3
What does the glomerular filtration reabsorb?
Reabsorb nutrients and molecules to make sure your body stays balanced
(water,glucose, amino acids, electrolytes and vitamins)
What does the nephron filter
Filters blood to remove waste
Urea,creatinine, Excess water,excess glucose,toxins,
What are the two capillary
-Glomerulus capillary system
-peritubulat capillary system
What is the glomerular capillary system
-high pressure capillary filtration system
-Dilates or constricts to maintain pressure inside the kidneys
Located between afferent and efferent artioles
What is the peritubular capillary system
-Low pressure system that reabsorb a nutrients that the body needs
-deliver waste to be excreted into urine
-originated from efferent arterioles
What is the end result of tubular filtration?
Urine
Where does the urine filtrate flow through?
Tubular component of the nephron
What is urine ?
Waste in liquid from that is excreted from the body, by the kidneys through urinination
What is high in nitrate?
URINEEE!!!
**Active transport
What are symporters and antiporters?
Both involved in active transport
-Antiporters transport molecules in opposite directions
-Symporters transport molecules in the same direction
What is urine volume and urine concentration regulated by?
ADH
What is the kidney responsible for eliminating?
-Renal clearance
-Regulation of sodium
-Potassium elimination
-pH dependent of organic molecules
-Uric acid eliminatiom
-Drug elimination
What is renal clearance?
Renal clearance is a measurement to see how quickly the kidneys can filter and remove a particular substance from the blood and excreted in urine
(Can be medication to see how quickly kidnye can get ride of the medication and filter it)
What can happen when your kidney’s malfunction?
Things that should be getting eliminated, will increase and build up
What is net glomerular filtartion rate?
How good your kidney’s are filtering blood and removing waste products
What does the juxtaglomerular appartus do?
Structure in kidney that regulates how each nephron is functioning and other functional units in the kidney
What does the RAS system do and what does you kidney do for the bone marrow?
-RAS reugulates blood pressure
-Kidney helps balance the amount of rbc being produced in the bone marrow
What is erythropoietin and what does it do?
A hormone excreted by the kidney that helps stimulate the production of rbc in the bone marrow
could be response to low o2 in blood
How does the kidney play a role with Vitamin D?
Converts Vitamin d from supplements or the sun that is needed for the body
What should normal urine look like?
Clear, pale, yellow fluid
95% water
5% of dissolved solids
How much urine should be produced by the kidneys daily?
1.5 liters of urine everyday
What should the urine contain and not contain?
Can contain metabolic waste and maybe a few plasma protiens
-NO blood cells
-NO glucose molecules
What does renal clearance determine
-How much substances the glomeruli is actually filtering
-How much the renal tubules can reabsorb or the amount of the substance that can be secreted
What are test that can measure renal function in clincial setting
-Urinalysis(urine sample)
-Blood test( Serum creatine, blood urea nitrogen)
-GFR
-Cytoscopy
-Ultrasonography
-Radiologic and other image studies
Describe structure of renal cast
-Made of wbc,rbc, kidney cells and other substances like fat and protein
-Not visible to human eyes, but visible in microscope
-Tiny tube shaped particle
Why would Renal cast start to develope?
-Protein concentration of urine is high
-Urine osmolality is high
-Urine ph is low
determined during urine testing
What is specific gravity
Measuring density of a substance compared to density of water
What does the Urine specific gravity do?
-Provides information of
-How hydrated the kidney is by if it’s concentrated or diluted
-How well the kidney is able to function
How much concentrated urine does the kidney produce with a specific gravity?
1.030 to 1.040
what will you’re specific gravity be is you are over hydrated or dehydrated
What re factors that can affect how the GFR functions?
-Increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
-Increase in glomerular capillary osmotic pressure
- Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure in bowman capsule
What does serum creatinine determine?
Used to estimate how the kidney is function
-If the value doubles for creatinine the Gfr has fallen to 1/2 of its state
What does a rise of serum creatinine level to three times mean?
75% loss of kidney function
What does it mean if creatinine values is 10mg/dl or more
About 90% of renal function is lost
What are normal creatinine levels in the blood
Males(0.6-1.1)
Females(0.5-1.1)
Infants (less than 0.2)
Person with one kidney( 1.8 to 1.9)
