CHAPTER 34!! Flashcards
What is acute kidney injury ?
Rapid decrease in the renal function from days to weeks
What can acute kidney injury be caused by?
- Not enough blood supply to the kidney from trauma, illness or surgery
-Progressing renal disease
What are signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury?
-Seizures and coma
-anorexia
-nausea
-vomiting
-fluid and electrolyte disorder
-Acid-base disorder develop
What is pre-renal acute kidney injury?
Issue that happens before your kidney which can affect the way your kidney works
What factors can cause pre renal acute kidney failure?
-Liver disease
-Volume depletion (dehydration, sepsis, diarrhea)
-cardiovascular disease (heart failure, caardiogenic shock)
What are signs and symptoms of pre-renal acute kidney injury?
-Oliguria
-Weight gain
-Peripheral edema
-Uremia (urea in blood0
What is Intrarenal acute kidney injury ?
When structures within the kidney are damaged
-blood vessels, glomeruli, tubules, interstituim
What can intrarenal acute kidney failure be cause by?
-Acute tubular necrosis
-Acute glomerulonephritis
-Acute pyelonephritis
-nephrotoxins (drugs that harm kidneys)
What the signs and symptoms of intrarenal acute kidney injury?
-Edema
-Proteinuria
-possibly rash
What is acute tubular necrosis?
Damage to tubular and dysfunction resulting in renal ischemia
What can cause acute tubular necrosis?
-HYPOTENSION
-NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS
-INTRATUBULAR OBSTRUCTION FROM HEMOGLOBINURIA
if hemoglobin rises too high, then hemoglobin begins to appear in urine
-Myoglobinuria
-Myeloma
What are sigs and symptoms of Acute tubular necrosis ?
Usually asymptomatic
What is post-renal
After your kidneys are done cleaning the blood and making urine, something is stopping the urine from leaving your body
What can post renal be caused by?
-Hyperplasia of prostate(enlarge prostate
-Renal calculi ( Kidney stones)
What are signs and symptoms of post renal ?
-Abdominal or groin pain
-Anuria
-Mass at flank or abdomen
-hematuria,pyruia,sediment
What is chronic kidney disease?
- Permanent damage of renal function
-Things don’t work well
-symptoms develop slowly
What are signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease?
-Anorexia
-Naseau
-Cramps and muscle twitches
-Water retention
-nocturia
-Undernutrition
-etc
What are stages of the progression of chronic renal failure
-Diminished renal
-Renal insufficiency
-Renal failure
-End stage renal failure(ERSD)
What are signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure?
Kidney interacts with nearly every system in our body so you will have symptoms of most of the body
Accumulation of nitrogenous wastes
Alterations in water, electrolyte, and acid–base balance
Mineral and skeletal disorders
Anemia and coagulation disorders
Hypertension and alterations in cardiovascular function
Gastrointestinal disorders
Neurologic complications
Disorders of skin integrity
Immunologic disorders
What is uremic frost?
Crystal uria the body is trying to get rid of
What does kidney do for rbc?
Make rbc through erythopoetmia
Why will amenia be a symptom of kidney failure?
Your kidney’s aren’t producing enough rbc
What does coagulopathies have to do with kidney failure
There will be problems with clotting
What do drugs have to do woth kidneys?
Drugs count as waste so kidneys should be able to clear it if it is healthy
Chronic kidney disease in elderly
-As we age, kidney function decreases
-Greater incidence of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and skeletal system effects
What is periotoneal dialysis ?
Putting liquid into your belly,fluid attracts toxins to it and then toxins flow out. Less complicated way to get rid of toxins
What is hemodailysis?
- Hooking on to a machine that will extract blood
blood will go through machine and machine will take out toxins and put it back into body
starts with surgical implant, to merge venous and arterial blood
Complicated process that uses a machine
