Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > Chapter 37 > Flashcards

Chapter 37 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the third leading cause of death?

A

Colorectal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Whats the #1 complaint in the ED?

A

Abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can help minimize or prevent chronic illness?

A

Keeping the GI tract healthy with proper nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are four common complaints of abdominal disorder?

A

-Anorexia
-Nausea
-Retching
-Vomiting
They can often signal the presence of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is anorexia ?

A

Lack of appetite due to physiologic or psychologic responses or medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is nausea?

A

Unpleasant feeling
subjective sensation preceding vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Retching?

A

Contractions of muscles like diaphragm, chest wall, and abdominal muscles
-making a effort to vomitt but nothing is coming out almost like gagging
-something may or may not come out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is vomiting ?

A

Action of expelling stomach contents out of body
-Reflexive exclusion of stomach contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are alterations in swallowing?

A

Dysphagia
odynophagia
Achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty in swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Odynophagia?

A

Painful swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax
-lower esophageal Sphincter does not relax properly
this can make it difficult for food and liquids to move into the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 local irritation and composition of contents that influence motility

A

-Diarrhea
-Constipation
-Impaction
-Obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Diarrhea?

A

Excessive and frequent passage of loose or unformed stool typically watery.
3 times in one day or more and large in volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can diarrhea be cause by?

A

-Infection
-Food tolerance
-Drugs
-Or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are two different types of diarrhea?

A

Acute and chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is acute diarrhea?

A

-Less than two weeks
-Usually result of infection
-Could be non inflammatory or inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is seen in non inflammatory acute diarrhea?

A

-Large volume
-water
-non bloody stools
-cramping, bloating, nausea and vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is seen in inflammatory acute diarrhea?

A

-Fever
-Blood diarrhea(Hematochezia) aka dysentery

20
Q

What is chronic diarrhea?

A

Four weeks or longer in duration

21
Q

What are different causes chronic diarrhea?

A

-Osmotic
-Secretory
-Inflammatory

22
Q

What is osmotic in chronic diarrhea?

A

-Excess amounts of fluid
means theres a-lot more extracellular fluid then there should be
-results in body efforts trying to get rid of the excess fluid

“water pulled into bowel by hyper osmotic contents; bowel unable to manage excess fluid”

23
Q

**Chronic diarrhea
What is secretory in chronic diarrhea?

A

excess bile acids in the colon coming from gall bladder

24
Q

What is the inflammatory problem of chronic diarrhea

A

If it has a Underlying inflammatory chronic disease

25
Q

What is constipation?

A

Infrequent, incomplete, difficult passage of stool
-Greater than 3 days

26
Q

What are different types of constipation?

A

-Normal transit constipation
-Slow transit constipation
-chronic constipation

27
Q

What is normal transit constipation

A

Poor fluid intake, poor fiber intake or both
-stool is not able to pass through bowel smoothly and efficiently
-All you need to do to fix this is increase of fluid or fiber or both

28
Q

What is slow transit constipation?

A

-Directly related to alterations in motor functions of the bowel
-The muscles are not able to move along
like hirschsprung disease

29
Q

What is chronic constipation?

A

usually related to neurologic disorders like paraplegia

30
Q

What are common causes of constipation?

A

-Not going to the bathroom and holding onto the poop
-Not enough fluid
-Not enough fiber in diet
-Weak abdominal muscles, not enough pressure to help push poop out
-Too much inactivity or bed rest
-Pregnancy and hemorrhoids because of pressure onto the colon
-Drugs can be from prescription or from illicid drugs such as opioids and narcotics

31
Q

What is fecal impaction?

A

Extreme result of constipation
-retention of hard, dry, puddy like rubbery stool the rectum or colon that leads to blockage of the stool

32
Q

What causes fecal impaction?

A

-Anorectal disease
-tumors
-neurological disease
-antacids
-bulk laxatives(If someone is taking bulk laxative and not intaking alor of fluid then all that fiber will make the stool more dry.
-prolonged bed rest
-debility

33
Q

What are signs and symptoms of fecal impaction?

A

-Severe constipation
-History of watery diarrhea
-Fecal soiling
-fecal incontinence
-Abdominal distention
-blood(hematochezia)
-Mucus in stool(steatorrhea)
-Urinary incontinence

34
Q

What is Intestinal obstruction?

A

Impairment of movement of intestinal contents due to mechanical or paralytic causes

35
Q

What is mechanical causes?

A

-Mechanical failure (muscles are not functioning properly)

Could be after hernia surgery or post operative adhesions, strictures, tumors, foreign bodies

36
Q

What are paralytic causes?

A

Neurogenic or muscular impairment of peristalsis

37
Q

What is paralytic ileus?

A

Motor activity impairment,
damages the nerves it is paralyzed and can not move

38
Q

What are signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction?

A

-Pain
-Absolute constipation
-Abdominal distension
-Signs of dehydration
-vomiting

39
Q

What intestinal malabsorption?

A

Nutrients that are digested are not utilized by the body
-The nutrients and food is taken in but absorption is not happening in the small intestine

40
Q

What can cause Intestinal malabsorption

A

-Infection
-medications
-Small intestine surgery
-Celiac disease

41
Q

what are signs and symptoms of intestinal malabsorption

A

-Diarrhea
-Flatulence( Farting)
-Distention
-Abdominal pain or cramping
-Ascities (Extraacellular fluid in abdominal space)
-Weakness
-Muscle wasting
-Weight loss
-Abdominal distention

42
Q

What can intestinal malabsrobtion also cause

A
  • Body will not be able to absorb fat soluble vitamins(A,D,E and K) which will cause:

-Bruising easily
-Bone pain
-Fractures
-Tetany
-Microcytic anemia (Large RBC production)
-Glossitis (Inflamed tongue)

43
Q

What is celiac disease?

A

Immune disorder that causes the intestinal vili to be inflamed
-Immune response is triggered by ingesting gluten, so gluten will be a server intolerance that will cause the villi to swell
-Macronutrients and fat soluble vitamins are not well absorbed

44
Q

What are signs and symptoms in adults of celiac disease?

A

Diarrhea, constipation, bloating, flatus, belching

45
Q

What are signs and symptoms of celiac disease that you will see in a child?

A

-Diarrhea,
-Muscle wasting
-Anemia
-Failure to thrive

Pathophysiology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions