Chapter 15

Question 1

What are extensormuscle?

Answer 1

Muscle increase the angle of a joint

Question 2

What are flexor muscle?

Answer 2

Muscle that decrease the angle of joint

Question 3

What is agonist muscle movement?

Answer 3

Promote movement

Question 4

What is antagonist movement?

Answer 4

Oppose movement

Question 5

What is synergist movement?

Answer 5

Stabilize joint or contribute to joint movement by adding force

Question 6

What is neuromuscular junction?

Answer 6

Synapse between motor neuron and skeleton fiber

Question 7

What is the pyramidal motor system?

Answer 7

Originates in the motor cortex
-Provides control of delicate muscle movement

Question 8

What is extrapyramidal system?

Answer 8

-Originates in the basal ganglia
-Provides background for more crude and supportive movement

Question 9

***Movement planning
WHat is primary motor cortex?

Answer 9

Execution of movement

Question 10

***Movement planning
WHat is pre motor cortext?

Answer 10

Generating plan of movement, like youre about to do something

Question 11

***Movement planning
What is the supplemental motor cortex?

Answer 11

Rehearsing sequencing of movement

Question 12

What is muscular atrophy?

Answer 12

Shrinkage of muscle in diameter, muscle loose contractile protein and weaken
-Can happen due to non use of muscle, not using muscle for as long period of time

Question 13

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 13

Genetic disorder that produces progressive deterioration of skeletal muscle. Genetic disorder

Question 14

What are signs and symptoms of muscle dystrophy?

Answer 14

Weakness with frequent falling at 2-3 years old
-Abnormal posture, scoliosis, cardiomyopathy, basically every muscle in the body is week
-Incontinecne
-Ineffective cough leading to more frequent infections

-Death will occur due to respiratory or cardiac involvemtn

Question 15

What is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 15

-Disorder at neuromuscular junction that affects communication between motorneuron and muscle cells.
-Episodes of muscle weakness and being easily fatigue
-Acetylochtine can not bind to be able to ingage the muscle in movement, Autoimmune.Antibodies w cell mediated destruction of acetelycohline making it hard to bind
-Will complain muscle gets worse with activity and better with west

Question 16

What are signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 16

Ptosis(one eye lid will be down)
-Diplopia(Double vision)
-Muscle weaken after using muscle
-Milkmaid grips, hand gripwill go back and fourth between weak and normal

Question 17

What is peripheral neurophathy?

Answer 17

Umbrella term to describe any disorder in the peripheral nerve
-You will see muscle weakness with or without atrophy and sensory changes
-Can involve one nerve or multiple nerve
-Symptoms will include skin, nails and hair changes, motor nerve damage, painful cramps,mucle loss, Fasciculations(Musclecontractions) Bone degeneration

Question 18

What are mononeuropathies?

Answer 18

Involving single nerve damage
-Localized condition from trauma, compression or infections that effect a single spinal nerve,plexus or peripheral trunk

Question 19

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 19

-Compression type of neuropathy due to receptive motion
-Since motion is receptive to a specific part of the hand the nerve gets pinched
-You will have pain, numbness, parathesia, Pain getting worse at night, weak grip

Question 20

What is polyneuropathy?

Answer 20

-Multiple peripheral nerves that lead to symmetric sensory, motor or mixed sensorimotor defects
-Could be caused by immune mechanism(Guillain-Barre syndrome
-Toxic agents(Arsenic, alcohol,lead)
-Metabolic diseases(Diabetes mellitus, uremia

Question 21

What is Guillain -Barre syndrome?

Answer 21

-Acute-meditated polyneuropathy
-Will have pain from bottom and moving up the body, can involve respiratory muscle
-Postural hypotension, urinary retention
Viral infection triggers autoimmune destruction of the myelins sheath, in peripheral ns
-

Question 22

What is basal ganglia?

Answer 22

Help with control of movement

Question 23

What are characteristics of disorders of the basal ganglia?

Answer 23

-Involuntary movements
-Alterations of muscle tone
-Disturbances in body posture

Question 24

What is parkinson disease?

Answer 24

-Degenerative disorder of basal ganglia resulting in tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia
Clinical syndorme is Parkinsonism

Question 25

What are signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease?

Answer 25

-Resting tremor: flapping of hand at rest
-Rigidity:Stiffness
-Slow movements: bradykinesia
-Postural instability: Stooped posture
-Dementia :Not being able to process ifnormation correctly
-Sleep disorder

Question 26

What is AlS?

Answer 26

-Neurological disorder that affects motor function

Signs and symptoms include:
-Hard to speak, swallow, grasp objects, move and breathe
-Brain loses connection with muscle, affecting upper and lower motor neurons

Question 27

What is multiple sclerosis ?

Answer 27

-Demyelinating disease of cns
-Periods where things get worse and better

Question 28

What is spinal cord injury/?

Answer 28

-Damage to neural elements of spinal cords
could be cause by accident, stabbing, gun shot
-Affects will be sensory and motot function