Chapter 21: Blood cells and the Hematopoietic System Flashcards
What are Components of the hematopoteic system?
-All the blood cells and their precursors
-Bone marrow, where blood cells originate
-Lymphoid tissues which is where blood cells circulate and mature
What is the composition of blood
Fluid/dissolved components
-Water
-Proteins
-Small molecular substance
Cellular elements
-Red blood cells
-Thrombocytes or platelets
-white blood cells
lymphocytes
leukocytes
What is the function of the plasma components of blood?
-Carry the cells that transport gases
-Aid in body defense
-Prevent blood loss
***Plasma protein
What is Albumin?
-Most abdunant
-Make up54% of plasma proteins
-Contributes to plasma osmotic pressure and the maintenance of blood volume
-Serves as a carrier for certain substances
***Plasma protein
What is Globulins?
-Next most abundant, make up 38% of plasma protein
- Alpha globulins transport bilirubin and steroids
-Beta Globulins transport Iron and copper
-Gamma globulins constitute the antibodies of the immune system
What is Fibrinogen?
-Make up 7% of plasma proteins
-Substance converted into fibrin that aids in the clotting process
**White blood cells
What are neutrophils?
-Most abundant, make up 50-60% of wbc
-Maintain our defenses and provide protection against invading substances
-First to arrive at site of infection(first to respond)
-Have their origins in the myleoblast found in the bone marrow
-Move into tissues for 1 to 3 days
-Die in tissue to discharge phagocytic function or die of senescence(Old age)
**White blood cells
What are Eosinophils?
-Make up 1 to 3% of WBC
-When exposed to allergen or parasitic infection Eosinophil count will be up
**White blood cells
What are basophils?
-0.3-0.5 make up wbc
-Consist of heparin which is a anticoagulant
-Consist of histamine which is a vasodilator
-Consist of other mediators of inflammation
-Similar to mast cells
-A ongoing allergic or hypersensitivity reaction would cause basophil count to go up
**White blood cells
What are lymphocytes?
-20 to 30% make up WBC
-Function to provide defense against microorganism through immune response
-Found in lymph nodes and spleen
Three types of lymphocytes are
-B lymphoctyes
-T lymphocytes
-natural killercells
**White blood cells
What are monocytes and macrophages?
-Make up 3 to 8% of WBC
-Survive from months to years in tissues
-Seen more in chronic inflammation
-If monocytes and macrophages are higher it’s probably because of a chronic inflammation or chronic immune response
What are thrombocytes?
-Small cell fragments part of larger megakaryocytic
-Used to form platelet plugs and control bleeding
-Stay in circulation for about 8 to 9 days
What is hematopoiesis/ how blood cells originate ?
-Come from stem cells from the bone marrow
-Proliferation, differentiation, and functional abilities are controlled by cytokines
-Cytokines are hormone growth like factors
What are Diagnostic test for blood count?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
-Tell you degree of inflammation in body
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
-Bone marrow is examined under microscope to determine what kind of blood cells are coming from the bone marrow
