Fluid balance, fluid and electrolyctes

Question 1

What are major electrolytes of the body ?

Answer 1

-Sodium
-Potassium
-Phosphate

Question 2

What does sodium do for the body?

Answer 2

Controls and regulates volume of body fluids and blood pressure

Question 3

What does potassium do for the body?

Answer 3

Helps with contraction
chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content

Question 4

What does phosphate do for the body ?

Answer 4

-Help bone and teeth formation
-involved in important chemical reactions in the body, cell division, and hereditary traits

Question 5

**Fluid imbalances
What is hypovolemia ?

Answer 5

-Too little fluid
-Both water and electrolytes are lost

Question 6

What is dehydration?

Answer 6

decreased volume of water and electrolyte change

Question 7

What is overhydration?

Answer 7

Too much water in extracellular space

Question 8

What is a way to get rid of water in body?

Answer 8

Kidney

Question 9

What can cause hypovolemia?

Answer 9

-Related to GI
-lack intake
-NASEAU, VOMITTING, DIAHREAA
-sweating due to fever
-blood loss (hemorrhage)

Question 10

Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?

Answer 10

-Dizzness, weakness,confusion
-Weighloss
-oliguria

Question 11

What is hypervolemia?

Answer 11

Abnoraml retention of water because it is takin in too much water

Question 12

What can cause hypervolemia?

Answer 12

-Fluid overload from IV or drinking
-Increase salt intake from mouth or IV

Question 13

What are signs and symptoms of hypervolemia ?

Answer 13

-Hearing fluid in lungs, seeing fluid in veins
-Crackles
-Distended neck veins
-Peripheral edema
-Weight gain
-Increase bp,rr,hr

Question 14

What is sodium name in blood

Answer 14

hyponatremia, hypernatremia

Question 15

What is the name of potassium in blood?

Answer 15

hypokalemia, hyperkalemia

Question 16

What is hyponatremia ?

Answer 16

Level of sodium in blood is too low. less than 135 mEq/L

Question 17

What can be the cause of hyponatremia ?

Answer 17

-Overhydration
-Alot of fluid intake of water
-

Question 18

What are signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

Answer 18

-Neurologic changes like headache or altered mental status
-Dry skin
-Nausea. vomiting

Question 19

What is hypernatremia?

Answer 19

-Serum sodium greater than 145 mEq/L
High amounts of sodium in blood

Question 20

What can cause hypernatremia?

Answer 20

Fluid depravation

Question 21

What are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?

Answer 21

-Thirst and have the need to replace water
-Lathargy and iiritability
-swollen dry tong, sticky mucous membranes

Question 22

What is hypokalemia ?

Answer 22

Low serum potassium in blood
less than 3.5 mEq/l

Question 23

what can cause hypokalemia?

Answer 23

-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea

Question 24

What are signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?

Answer 24

ECF changes and dysrhythmias
-too low or too high can cause abnormal heat rate/ rythm

Question 25

What is hyperkalemia?

Answer 25

High potassium greater than 5.0 mEq/L
Kidney are injured and not able to clear it will retain more potassium

Question 26

What can cause hyperkalemia?

Answer 26

Renal disease
Kidney won’t be able to clear and will retain potassium and potassium will be high

Question 27

What can hyperkalemia cause?

Answer 27

Cardiac changes and dysrhythmias

Question 28

What is hypophatemia?

Answer 28

low levels of phosphate below
2.5 mg/dl

Question 29

What causes hypophosphatemia?

Answer 29

Alchololism
low magnesium
diaherea

Question 30

What is signs and symptoms of hypophostatemia?

Answer 30

Neurological symptoms

Question 31

What is hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 31

High levels of phosphate over 4.5 mg/dl

Question 32

What causes hyperphosphatemia ?

Answer 32

It causes kidney injury, increase phosphate, acidoss’

Question 33

What is signs and symptoms? Hyperphosphatemia ?

Answer 33

-Sometimes no symptoms
-related to neuro