Fluid balance, fluid and electrolyctes Flashcards
What are major electrolytes of the body ?
-Sodium
-Potassium
-Phosphate
What does sodium do for the body?
Controls and regulates volume of body fluids and blood pressure
What does potassium do for the body?
Helps with contraction
chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content
What does phosphate do for the body ?
-Help bone and teeth formation
-involved in important chemical reactions in the body, cell division, and hereditary traits
**Fluid imbalances
What is hypovolemia ?
-Too little fluid
-Both water and electrolytes are lost
What is dehydration?
decreased volume of water and electrolyte change
What is overhydration?
Too much water in extracellular space
What is a way to get rid of water in body?
Kidney
What can cause hypovolemia?
-Related to GI
-lack intake
-NASEAU, VOMITTING, DIAHREAA
-sweating due to fever
-blood loss (hemorrhage)
Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia?
-Dizzness, weakness,confusion
-Weighloss
-oliguria
What is hypervolemia?
Abnoraml retention of water because it is takin in too much water
What can cause hypervolemia?
-Fluid overload from IV or drinking
-Increase salt intake from mouth or IV
What are signs and symptoms of hypervolemia ?
-Hearing fluid in lungs, seeing fluid in veins
-Crackles
-Distended neck veins
-Peripheral edema
-Weight gain
-Increase bp,rr,hr
What is sodium name in blood
hyponatremia, hypernatremia
What is the name of potassium in blood?
hypokalemia, hyperkalemia
What is hyponatremia ?
Level of sodium in blood is too low. less than 135 mEq/L
What can be the cause of hyponatremia ?
-Overhydration
-Alot of fluid intake of water
-
What are signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?
-Neurologic changes like headache or altered mental status
-Dry skin
-Nausea. vomiting
What is hypernatremia?
-Serum sodium greater than 145 mEq/L
High amounts of sodium in blood
What can cause hypernatremia?
Fluid depravation
What are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?
-Thirst and have the need to replace water
-Lathargy and iiritability
-swollen dry tong, sticky mucous membranes
What is hypokalemia ?
Low serum potassium in blood
less than 3.5 mEq/l
what can cause hypokalemia?
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
What are signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?
ECF changes and dysrhythmias
-too low or too high can cause abnormal heat rate/ rythm
What is hyperkalemia?
High potassium greater than 5.0 mEq/L
Kidney are injured and not able to clear it will retain more potassium
What can cause hyperkalemia?
Renal disease
Kidney won’t be able to clear and will retain potassium and potassium will be high
What can hyperkalemia cause?
Cardiac changes and dysrhythmias
What is hypophatemia?
low levels of phosphate below
2.5 mg/dl
What causes hypophosphatemia?
Alchololism
low magnesium
diaherea
What is signs and symptoms of hypophostatemia?
Neurological symptoms
What is hyperphosphatemia?
High levels of phosphate over 4.5 mg/dl
What causes hyperphosphatemia ?
It causes kidney injury, increase phosphate, acidoss’
What is signs and symptoms? Hyperphosphatemia ?
-Sometimes no symptoms
-related to neuro
