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Pathophysiology > Chapter 11 immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 11 immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is produced in the bone marrow and what happens there?

A

B cells are produced and migrate to lymph nodes
B cells create antibodies

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2
Q

What would happen if your body isn’t able to produce B cells?

A

Your body wouldn’t be able to produce antibodies

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3
Q

**Central lymph organs
What s produced in the thymus?

A

T cells
Which help immune system fight germs and protect from disease

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4
Q

What happens in the thymus

A

Hormones are secreted to help lymphocytes develop into mature tcells

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5
Q

** Peripheral lymphoid organs
What do lymph nodes do for the body?

A

Filter fluids, which leads to drainage friom body and returns to the blood as plasma
-Removes bacteria and toxins from the circulatory system

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6
Q

What is the spleen and how does it help the body?

A

Macrophages clear cellular debris, and produce hemoglobin
Largest lymphatic organ

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7
Q

What do the tonsils do for the body?

A

Produce lymphocytes
and consists of lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

What is a immune response?

A

Coordinated response of the cells and molecules of the immune system

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9
Q

**Types of immune defense
What is innate/ non speciifc immunity?

A

-Body’s first line of dense
-Occurs early, more rapidly to foreign substances
-naturally comes when person comes
-Natural resistance with which a person is born with

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10
Q

***Types of immune defense
What is adaptive or specific immunity ?

A

-Second line of defense
-responds less rapidly than innate but works more effectively

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11
Q

***acquired immunity
What is active immunity and what does it do for the body

A

Body own response to antigen could be through process of vaccine or from environmental

-Requires host own immune system to develop an immunologic response
-Usually long term but requires days to weeks for it to work

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12
Q

**adaptive immunity
What is passive immunity and what does it do for the body?

A

Immunity transferred form another source
Like from mother to fetus
- infants can be provided 2-6 months of protection from infection due to drinking breast milk. Until their own immune system builds up
Usually short term weeks to months

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13
Q

What is the regular human developemnt of immune response?

A

•Fetal development at 5 to 6 weeks
•Secondary lymphoid organs well developed at birth
•IgA and IgM shortly after birth
•Reach adult levels by 1 year of age

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14
Q

***Principal cels of the immune system
What are lymphocytes?

A

Cells that specifically recognize and respond to antigens

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15
Q

***Principal cels of the immune system
What are accesory cells?

A

-Macrophages and dendrites
-Macroohages recognize pathogen and activate inmate stystem
-Dendrites cells pick up antigen and track down t&b cels to activate specific system

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16
Q

***Immune cells
What does myeloid phagocytic cells consist of?(Innante immunity )

A

-Monocytes
-macrophages
-granulocytes
-Dendritic cells

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17
Q

What are T lymphocytes and what do they do for the body

A

These Proccesses make up the bodies cell-mediated immunity.

-activation of other t and b cells
-Control of intercellular viral infections
-Rejection of foreign tissue grafts
-Activation of autoimmune
- Activation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction

18
Q

What do helper t cells do?

A

Help B lymphocytes produce antibodies

19
Q

What do cytotoxic T cells do?

A

Kill or lyse intracellular

20
Q

What do b lymphocyte cells do?

A

Produce antibodies

21
Q

What is innate immunity aka natural immunity?

A

Able to distinguish self from non self (immunocompetence)
-Prevents establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration
-First line of defense
-Always present
-Response is rapid

22
Q

What are major components of innate immunity

A

-Skin and mucous membranes
-Phagocytic leukocytes(Neautrophils & macrophages)
-Plasma proteins
-Natural killer cells

23
Q

***Adaptive immunity
When does adaptive immunity occur and what does it do

A

Attacks specific microbes(antigens)
-Developer after exposure to specific antigen
-Mechanisms include humoral immunity , cell-mediated immunity

24
Q

***Adaptive immunity
What is humoral immunity ?

A

Antibodies produced from b lymphocyte cells
Antibodies get secreted into circulation and mucosal fluid which neutralizes or eliminate microbes
-immediate protection

25
Q

***Adaptive immunity
What is cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells which protects against virus
-Fight cancer cells and virus

26
Q

What are cytokins?

A

-Released by macrophages, signaling proteins
-Recruit and activate more cells of immune system(macrophages, monocytes, neutrophil)
‘ soluble proteins secreted by cells of both the innate and adaptive immunity:

27
Q

What are chemokines

A

cytokines that stimulate the migration and activation of immune and inflammatory cells

28
Q

What are colony stimulating factors?

A

stimulate the growth and
differentiation of bone marrow progenitors of immune cells

29
Q

**Two types of immune cells
What are regulatory T cells?

A

Function to control immune system response

30
Q

What are effector cells?

A

Accomplish final stages of immune response with elimination of antigen
- Activated T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and other leukocytes function as effector cells in different immune responses

31
Q

What are antigens?

A

Substances that are foreign to the host and can stimulate an immune response

32
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

Recognize antigens
-Receptors on immune cells

33
Q

What are types of antigens?

A

-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Viruses
-Protozoa
-Parasites
-Nonmicrobial agents

34
Q

Difference between b and t cells?

A

T cells are cell-mediated immunity(Attack inside cell)
B cells are humoral immunity(attack outside cell)
They both use memory

35
Q

What are functions of t lymphocytes?

A

-Activate T and B cells
-Control intracellular viral infections
-rejection of foreign tissue grafts
-Delayed hypersensitivity reactions

36
Q

***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgG?

A

Secreted by plasma cells in blood
-responsible for protection of new borns
-Displays antiviral, antitoxin, and antibacterial properties

37
Q

***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgA?

A

Protects against pathogens
Found in saliva,tears,mucous

38
Q

***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgM

A

forms natural antibodies; prominent in early immune
responses, activates complement

39
Q

***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgD

A

found on B lymphocytes, needed for maturation of B cells

40
Q

***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
Whta is IgE?

A

binds to mast cells and basophils; involved in parasitic infections, allergic and hypersensitivity reactions

41
Q

Elderly immune system

A

Declining ability to adapt to environmental stresses
* Decline in immune responsiveness
* Decrease in the size of the thymus gland
* Biological clock in T cells
* Altered responses of the immune cells to antigen stimulation

Pathophysiology (33 decks)

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