Chapter 11 immunity Flashcards
What is produced in the bone marrow and what happens there?
B cells are produced and migrate to lymph nodes
B cells create antibodies
What would happen if your body isn’t able to produce B cells?
Your body wouldn’t be able to produce antibodies
**Central lymph organs
What s produced in the thymus?
T cells
Which help immune system fight germs and protect from disease
What happens in the thymus
Hormones are secreted to help lymphocytes develop into mature tcells
** Peripheral lymphoid organs
What do lymph nodes do for the body?
Filter fluids, which leads to drainage friom body and returns to the blood as plasma
-Removes bacteria and toxins from the circulatory system
What is the spleen and how does it help the body?
Macrophages clear cellular debris, and produce hemoglobin
Largest lymphatic organ
What do the tonsils do for the body?
Produce lymphocytes
and consists of lymphoid tissue
What is a immune response?
Coordinated response of the cells and molecules of the immune system
**Types of immune defense
What is innate/ non speciifc immunity?
-Body’s first line of dense
-Occurs early, more rapidly to foreign substances
-naturally comes when person comes
-Natural resistance with which a person is born with
***Types of immune defense
What is adaptive or specific immunity ?
-Second line of defense
-responds less rapidly than innate but works more effectively
***acquired immunity
What is active immunity and what does it do for the body
Body own response to antigen could be through process of vaccine or from environmental
-Requires host own immune system to develop an immunologic response
-Usually long term but requires days to weeks for it to work
**adaptive immunity
What is passive immunity and what does it do for the body?
Immunity transferred form another source
Like from mother to fetus
- infants can be provided 2-6 months of protection from infection due to drinking breast milk. Until their own immune system builds up
Usually short term weeks to months
What is the regular human developemnt of immune response?
•Fetal development at 5 to 6 weeks
•Secondary lymphoid organs well developed at birth
•IgA and IgM shortly after birth
•Reach adult levels by 1 year of age
***Principal cels of the immune system
What are lymphocytes?
Cells that specifically recognize and respond to antigens
***Principal cels of the immune system
What are accesory cells?
-Macrophages and dendrites
-Macroohages recognize pathogen and activate inmate stystem
-Dendrites cells pick up antigen and track down t&b cels to activate specific system
***Immune cells
What does myeloid phagocytic cells consist of?(Innante immunity )
-Monocytes
-macrophages
-granulocytes
-Dendritic cells
What are T lymphocytes and what do they do for the body
These Proccesses make up the bodies cell-mediated immunity.
-activation of other t and b cells
-Control of intercellular viral infections
-Rejection of foreign tissue grafts
-Activation of autoimmune
- Activation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction
What do helper t cells do?
Help B lymphocytes produce antibodies
What do cytotoxic T cells do?
Kill or lyse intracellular
What do b lymphocyte cells do?
Produce antibodies
What is innate immunity aka natural immunity?
Able to distinguish self from non self (immunocompetence)
-Prevents establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration
-First line of defense
-Always present
-Response is rapid
What are major components of innate immunity
-Skin and mucous membranes
-Phagocytic leukocytes(Neautrophils & macrophages)
-Plasma proteins
-Natural killer cells
***Adaptive immunity
When does adaptive immunity occur and what does it do
Attacks specific microbes(antigens)
-Developer after exposure to specific antigen
-Mechanisms include humoral immunity , cell-mediated immunity
***Adaptive immunity
What is humoral immunity ?
Antibodies produced from b lymphocyte cells
Antibodies get secreted into circulation and mucosal fluid which neutralizes or eliminate microbes
-immediate protection
***Adaptive immunity
What is cell-mediated immunity
T cells which protects against virus
-Fight cancer cells and virus
What are cytokins?
-Released by macrophages, signaling proteins
-Recruit and activate more cells of immune system(macrophages, monocytes, neutrophil)
‘ soluble proteins secreted by cells of both the innate and adaptive immunity:
What are chemokines
cytokines that stimulate the migration and activation of immune and inflammatory cells
What are colony stimulating factors?
stimulate the growth and
differentiation of bone marrow progenitors of immune cells
**Two types of immune cells
What are regulatory T cells?
Function to control immune system response
What are effector cells?
Accomplish final stages of immune response with elimination of antigen
- Activated T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and other leukocytes function as effector cells in different immune responses
What are antigens?
Substances that are foreign to the host and can stimulate an immune response
What do antibodies do?
Recognize antigens
-Receptors on immune cells
What are types of antigens?
-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Viruses
-Protozoa
-Parasites
-Nonmicrobial agents
Difference between b and t cells?
T cells are cell-mediated immunity(Attack inside cell)
B cells are humoral immunity(attack outside cell)
They both use memory
What are functions of t lymphocytes?
-Activate T and B cells
-Control intracellular viral infections
-rejection of foreign tissue grafts
-Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgG?
Secreted by plasma cells in blood
-responsible for protection of new borns
-Displays antiviral, antitoxin, and antibacterial properties
***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgA?
Protects against pathogens
Found in saliva,tears,mucous
***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgM
forms natural antibodies; prominent in early immune
responses, activates complement
***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
What is IgD
found on B lymphocytes, needed for maturation of B cells
***Classes and functions of immunoglobulins
Whta is IgE?
binds to mast cells and basophils; involved in parasitic infections, allergic and hypersensitivity reactions
Elderly immune system
Declining ability to adapt to environmental stresses
* Decline in immune responsiveness
* Decrease in the size of the thymus gland
* Biological clock in T cells
* Altered responses of the immune cells to antigen stimulation
