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Pathophysiology > Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors of disorders of the kidneys?

A

-Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Family history

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2
Q

What is cystic disease of the kidney

A

Fluid filled sacs in the kidneys
or dilated segments of nephron

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3
Q

What can cystic disease of kidney be caused by?

A

-Obstruction in tubular that increase pressure in the intratubular
-Change that happens in the basement membrane of the renal tubule that would lead to cystic dilation

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4
Q

What are types of cystic disease?

A

-Simple and acquired renal cysts
-Medullary cystic disease
-polycystic kidney disease

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5
Q

What is renal calculi?

A

Kidney stones
Deposits of crystalline made from minerals and salts

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6
Q

How do kidney stones develop?

A

Kidney could have less water nd more waste
that waste is mostly salt

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7
Q

what is a nidus?

A

a place where something begins to form

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8
Q

What can cause kidney stones?

A

-Drinking little water
-Exercising too much or too little
-obesity
-weight loss surgery
-Too much sugar or salt
-Have infection
-Family history that causes you to become pre-exposed

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9
Q

When will people start to realize they have kidney stones?

A

Most people don’t experience symptoms until the stone moves around the kidneys and passes into the ureters

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10
Q

What can people experience when they have kidney stones?

A

-Sharp pain in the side and back below ribs
-Pain that radiates goes to the lower abdomen and groin
-Pain that comes and goes like waves.
-Burning or pain while peeing

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11
Q

What can be treatments of kidney stones?

A

-Giving medication and waiting for it to pass by
-Lithotripsy, when sound waves turn big stones into smaller stones

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12
Q

What are different types of UTI?

A

-Lower UTI( cystitits)
-Upper UTIs( pyelonephritis)

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13
Q

What is a lower UTI’s?

A

cystic
A lower urinary tract infection inflammation of the bladder and urethera

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14
Q

What is a upper UTI?

A

Pyelonephritis
-Infection that happens in the bladder and travels through the urethra and infect the kidney

Sometimes pt’s don’t know they had UTI for weeks and it could lead to this

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15
Q

What are most uti’s caused by?

A

Escherichia Ecoli

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16
Q

What are causes of urine that are assosciated with urinary stasis?

A

-Anatomic obstructions
-Function obstructions

-Increase pressure resulting in reflux

17
Q

What are examples of anatomic obstructions?

A

-Urinary tract stones
-ENlarged prostate
-Pregnancy
-malformations of the uretrovesicle

18
Q

What are examples of functional obstructions?

A

-Neurogenic bladdder
-Infrequent urinating
-Detrusor muscle is unstable
-Constipation

19
Q

What happens if the protective mechanisms don’t work?

A

BActeria will form and infection will happen

20
Q

What are signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis?

A

-Fever
-Flank pain on back side
-nausea
-Vomiting
-Burning on urination
-Increased frequency and urgency

21
Q

What can cystitis be caused by?

A

-Sex
-Wiping back to front
-Anything that is disrupting or allowing bacteria to enter

22
Q

What are signs and symptoms of cystitis?

A

-DARK,CLOUDY, FOUL SMELLING urine
-PELVIC PAIN
-Frequency, urgency
-fatigue

23
Q

What is glomerulonphritis?

A

-Inflammation of the glomeruli (tiny filters)
-Kidney is unable to remove excess water or waste products

24
Q

What can Glomerulonphritis be caused by?

A

Most common cause is strep infections

-chronic immune illness(lupus)
-Family history of kidney disease
-HPB, diabetes
-Past or current kidney problems

25
Q

WHat are signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis?

A

-HEMATURIA(pink or brown)
-PROTEINURIA(foamy or bubbly
-OLIGURIA
-AZOTEMIA (Nitrogenous waste in blood)
-Muscle cramps, fatigue

-Low GFR
-pyuria(pus in urine)
-Hypertenson
-Edema in face,hands,feet and abdomen

26
Q

What is tubulointerstitial disorders?

A

Damage to specific tubules
various types of damages can accure

27
Q

What is acute tubular necrosis?

A

related to acute kidney failure
-disorder with damage to tubule cells of kidneys

28
Q

What is renal tubular acidosis?

A

-Too much build up of acid in kidneys
-Kidney do not remove acid from blood into the urine as it should

29
Q

What is Renal neoplasm(renal cancer) caused by?

A

-Mostly caused by smoking
or
-long term of long of pain medication

-Other factors are
Overweight
High blood pressure
Family history renal cell cancer
genetic conditions

30
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Renal neoplasm?

A

-Hematuria
-Abdominal lump that won’t go away
-Losing appetite and weight

Pathophysiology (33 decks)

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