Chapter 33 Flashcards
What are risk factors of disorders of the kidneys?
-Diabetes
-Hypertension
-Family history
What is cystic disease of the kidney
Fluid filled sacs in the kidneys
or dilated segments of nephron
What can cystic disease of kidney be caused by?
-Obstruction in tubular that increase pressure in the intratubular
-Change that happens in the basement membrane of the renal tubule that would lead to cystic dilation
What are types of cystic disease?
-Simple and acquired renal cysts
-Medullary cystic disease
-polycystic kidney disease
What is renal calculi?
Kidney stones
Deposits of crystalline made from minerals and salts
How do kidney stones develop?
Kidney could have less water nd more waste
that waste is mostly salt
what is a nidus?
a place where something begins to form
What can cause kidney stones?
-Drinking little water
-Exercising too much or too little
-obesity
-weight loss surgery
-Too much sugar or salt
-Have infection
-Family history that causes you to become pre-exposed
When will people start to realize they have kidney stones?
Most people don’t experience symptoms until the stone moves around the kidneys and passes into the ureters
What can people experience when they have kidney stones?
-Sharp pain in the side and back below ribs
-Pain that radiates goes to the lower abdomen and groin
-Pain that comes and goes like waves.
-Burning or pain while peeing
What can be treatments of kidney stones?
-Giving medication and waiting for it to pass by
-Lithotripsy, when sound waves turn big stones into smaller stones
What are different types of UTI?
-Lower UTI( cystitits)
-Upper UTIs( pyelonephritis)
What is a lower UTI’s?
cystic
A lower urinary tract infection inflammation of the bladder and urethera
What is a upper UTI?
Pyelonephritis
-Infection that happens in the bladder and travels through the urethra and infect the kidney
Sometimes pt’s don’t know they had UTI for weeks and it could lead to this
What are most uti’s caused by?
Escherichia Ecoli
What are causes of urine that are assosciated with urinary stasis?
-Anatomic obstructions
-Function obstructions
-Increase pressure resulting in reflux
What are examples of anatomic obstructions?
-Urinary tract stones
-ENlarged prostate
-Pregnancy
-malformations of the uretrovesicle
What are examples of functional obstructions?
-Neurogenic bladdder
-Infrequent urinating
-Detrusor muscle is unstable
-Constipation
What happens if the protective mechanisms don’t work?
BActeria will form and infection will happen
What are signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis?
-Fever
-Flank pain on back side
-nausea
-Vomiting
-Burning on urination
-Increased frequency and urgency
What can cystitis be caused by?
-Sex
-Wiping back to front
-Anything that is disrupting or allowing bacteria to enter
What are signs and symptoms of cystitis?
-DARK,CLOUDY, FOUL SMELLING urine
-PELVIC PAIN
-Frequency, urgency
-fatigue
What is glomerulonphritis?
-Inflammation of the glomeruli (tiny filters)
-Kidney is unable to remove excess water or waste products
What can Glomerulonphritis be caused by?
Most common cause is strep infections
-chronic immune illness(lupus)
-Family history of kidney disease
-HPB, diabetes
-Past or current kidney problems
WHat are signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis?
-HEMATURIA(pink or brown)
-PROTEINURIA(foamy or bubbly
-OLIGURIA
-AZOTEMIA (Nitrogenous waste in blood)
-Muscle cramps, fatigue
-Low GFR
-pyuria(pus in urine)
-Hypertenson
-Edema in face,hands,feet and abdomen
What is tubulointerstitial disorders?
Damage to specific tubules
various types of damages can accure
What is acute tubular necrosis?
related to acute kidney failure
-disorder with damage to tubule cells of kidneys
What is renal tubular acidosis?
-Too much build up of acid in kidneys
-Kidney do not remove acid from blood into the urine as it should
What is Renal neoplasm(renal cancer) caused by?
-Mostly caused by smoking
or
-long term of long of pain medication
-Other factors are
Overweight
High blood pressure
Family history renal cell cancer
genetic conditions
What are signs and symptoms of Renal neoplasm?
-Hematuria
-Abdominal lump that won’t go away
-Losing appetite and weight
