Lecture4. Humerus+ Ulna+Radius Flashcards
How many curvatures are there in the clavicle ?
There are two curvatures. One more anterior is closer to the medial end whereas the more posterior one is closer to the lateral end
How do you differentiate between two ends of the clavicle ?
The medial end of the clavicle is rounder whereas the lateral end of the clavicle is flatter.
Medial end = sternal end
Lateral end = acromial end
Where is the weakest part of the clavicle
It is ⅔ from the medial end or ⅓ from the lateral end
How many angles are at the scapula. What are the three angles.
Three angles. Superior angle, inferior angle and lateral angle
What are the 2 pairs of girdle we have
shoulder and pelvic girdle
Which skeletal components are girdles a part of
part of the appendicular skeleton. They are bones that connect the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton
What are the bones that connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton
The clavicle and scapula. both bones form the shoulder girdle
What type of bone is the clavicle
Long bone. Only long bone that does not have a medullary canal and it sits horizontally
How do you differentiate between the medial sternal end of the clavicle from the acromial lateral end of the clavicle
The lateral acromial end is flatter, than the sternal medial end is rounder
Describe the curvature of the clavicle bone at the end close to the medial end
It is convex anteriorly
Describe the curvicature of the clavicle bons at the acromial end
It is convex posteriorly
Where is the weakest part of the clavicle
It is at the junction at the lateral 2/3 and medial 1/3
What are the 3 angles and borders of the scapula
angles: superior angle, inferior angle, lateral angle ( OR Glenoid cavity)
borders: superior, medial (OR vertebral), lateral borders
What is the fossa at the anterior surface of teh scapula called
subscapular fossa
What does the glenoid cavity articulate with
The glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus and forms teh shoulder joint
What is the structure of the scapula that points laterally and anteriorly
coracoid process
Identify the acromion
pg 4 of lecture note. It is the lateral end of the spine of scapula
Where is the spine of the scapula located. What does the spine of scapula give rise to?
posterior end of teh scapula. The lateral end gives rise to the acromion
What are the 2 fossae that arise due to the division made by the spine of scapula
the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa. The supra is smaller than the infraspinous
Where is the anatomical neck of the humerus
It is the shallow groove inferior to the head of humerus ( the head articulates with the glenoid cavity)
What is the groove between the greater and lesser tubercle of the humerus
intertubercular groove
Where do most of the fractures in the humerus occur
surgical neck
identify the medial and lateral epicondyle, which is more prominent?
medial epicondyle is more palpable
What is ridge above the lateral and medial epicondyle
lateral supracondylar ridge and medial supracondylar ridge
Identify the trochlea and capitulum
LN
What are the 2 fossa found above the trochlea and capitulum respectively at the anterior end of the humerus
coronoid fossa and radial fossa respectively
where is the radial groove in the humerus located?
posterior aspect of the shaft of the body of the humerus
What does radial groove house?
houses the radial nerve
Where can the capitulum be seen in the humerus? posterior/anterior/both
anterior face only
Where can the trochlea be seen in the humerus? anterior/posterior/both
both
What is found above the posterior side of the trochlea
olecranon fossa
What are the 2 long bones found at the forearm,
ulna and radius
What are the 2 processes of the ulna that articulate with the trochlea
- olecranon process occupies the olecranon fossa
2. coroniod process occupies the coronoid fossa when articulated
What is the border of the ulna that attaches to the interosseous membrane that attaches the ulna and radius together
the interosseous border
Where is the styloid process of the radius
you can see it when you flex your wrist it is the bump at the medial side
How many carpal bones are there in ONE hand
8 bones, arranged to proximal and distal row
Name the bones of the carpal at the proximal role starting from the lateral side
- scaphoid bone
- lunate bone
- triquetrum
- pisiform
Name the bones of the carpal at the distal role starting from the lateral side
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate (has a hook)
Which are the carpal bones that are most vulnerables
scaphoid ( fracture-prone)
lunate ( dislocation-prone)
What is the proximal and distal end of the metacarpals called?
proximal: base of the metacarpal
distal end: head of the metacarpal
How are the metacarpal numbered
The thumb is numbered 1
whereas the pinky is numbered 5.
Describe the phalanges of the hand
all fingers except the thumb have 3 sections: proximal, middle and distal phalanges.
The thumb has 2 sections: proximal and distal.
The ends of the phalanges are also classified according to proximal /distal direction being the base and head respectively
