Lecture 32. Endocrine system Flashcards
Where is the pineal gland?
sits on the posterior wall of the 3rd ventricle
What is the function of the pineal body/gland
- produces melatonin
- it adjusts the circadian rhythm
- controls the skin color/tone through melanocytes
What happens to the pineal gland when a person ages
it becomes calcified
What composes the hypothalamus
a bunch of nuclei, in particular the SON and PVN
What does the hypothalamus control
controls the sense of hunger, thirst and emotions
Where is the anatomical location of the hypothalamus
diencephalon
Where is the pituitary gland located
in the sella turcica, in the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone in the middle cranial fossa
What attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
infundibulum ( attaches the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus- NOT the anterior pituitary)
How many lobes does the pituitary gland have
- anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)
2. posterior (neurohypophysis)
What are the components of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
- pars tuberalis- wraps around the infundibulum
- pars distalis
- pars intermedia ( unknown function)
which part of the pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus
posterior part
What is the origin of the pituitary gland
anterior lobe ( adenohypophysis): epithelium of the oral cavity posterior lobe ( neurohypophysis): neural tissue
what forms the infundibulum
nerve bundle that is made up of axons of the SON
What is the function of PVN (paraventricular nucleus)
It releases Releasing Hormones (RH) and Inhibiting Hormones (IH) and it produces 2 groups of hormones and
What is the function of SON (supraoptic nucleus)
produces oxytoxin and ADH
What connects the hypothalamus PVN to the anterior pituitary
there are blood vessels linking the anterior pituitary with the hypothalamus’s PVN, IH and RH are directly released into the anterior pituitary
What is the target of IH and RH
anterior pituitary only
What kind of capillary network is present in the anterior pituitary
portal vein, it receives IH and RH and allow it to leak into the anterior pituitary
What does IH or RH stimulate the anterior pituitary to do
causes stimulating hormones to be released: TSH, ACTH, HGH, PRL, KH, FSH, MSH
What nuclei connects to the anterior pituitary
BOTH PVN and SON. neurons of SON and PVN physically send the axons to the posterior pituitary, they release the hormones produced by the hypothalamus
What is the target of oxytocin
smooth muscle / uterus
WHICH hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary
no hormone is produced
Where is the thyroid located
in front of trachea
What connects the 2 lobes of the thyroid
thryroid isthmus
What artery is related to the thyroid
common carotid artery
what nerve is posterior to the thyroid
vagus nerve
What supplies the thyroid
external carotid, inferior thyroid artery coming from the subclaven
what hormone does the thyroid produce
calcitonin: decrease the Ca2+ in the system
What hormone does the parathyroid produce
parathyroid hormone
What regulates parathryoid hormone
estrogen
Where is the adrenal gland located
superior pole of the kidney
What are the 2 parts of the adrenal gland
has an adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
What hormone is produced by the cortical region of the adrenal gland
- hormones involved in salt, sugar, sex
What hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla
adrenaline - part of the sympathethic nervous system
