Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CAPS 391 > Lecture 6. Joints > Flashcards

Lecture 6. Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 ways that joints can be classified?

A
  1. functional (think of mobility)

2. anatomical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the categories according to the functional classification

A
  1. synarthrosis: very little movement
  2. amphiarthrosis: semi-movable
  3. diarthrosis : most mobile ( eg. shoulder joints)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an example of a synarthrosis joint

A

joints of the bones of the skull ( except mandible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the classifications under anatomical categorization of joints

A
  1. solid joints ( bones are joined together either by fibrous tissue or cartilage) * depends on what type of tissue holding the bones together
    - fibrous joint (by dense connective tissue)
    - cartilaginous joint
  2. synovial joint (bones have a gap between each other)
    - monoaxial- bones move in only 1 plane
    - biaxial- bones move in only 2 plane (eg. wrist, knee )
    - multi-axial- bones move in only 3 plane
    - non-axial- gliding movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is unique about solid joints?

A

There are no spaces between the bones( the CT/cartilage ). bones touch each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe synovial joints

A

There is a gap between the bones, presence of a cavity. bones may touch but are not attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the sub-categories of solid joints.

A
  1. fibrous joint

2. cartilaginous joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give 3 examples of fibrous tissues

A
  1. suture: joints formed between bones of the skull with the sutures ( coronoid and lambdiod sutures): dense CT tissue hold bones together
  2. syndesmosis: dense CT forms ligament to hold joints together ( eh. fibula and tibia)
  3. gomphosis: name of the joint between the upper and lower jaw bones (periodontal cavity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are cartilaginous joints that are present? Give examples

A
  1. synchrondroses: bones are attached by hyaline cartilage only
  2. symphyses: bones attached only by fibrous cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cartilage can be used in cartilaginous joints?

A

hyaline and fibrous cartilage only, elastic cartilage cannot be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give 2 examples of synchondroses joints

A
  1. epiphyseal plate

2. joint between the first rib and the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 2 examples of symphyses joints

A
  1. between the vertebrae body

2. pubic symphyses ( joint between the pubic bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are symphses joints typically found

A

midline of the body only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the features of the synovial joints

A
  1. have articular cartilage ( which is made up of hyaline cartilage)
  2. capsule made up of dense irregular connective tissue that holds the bone together : fibrous capsule. fibrous capsule is continuous with the periosteom
  3. (*optional) ligament: dense connective tissue that stabilize the joints
  4. synovial membrane: specialized CT. It is a serous membrane. It produces synovial fluid to articulate the surfaces and nourishes the hyaline cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the articular cartilage

A

reduce friction between the bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of the synovial joint is continuous with the periosteum

A

fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane

A
  • produces synovial fluid

- nourishes the hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What composes the articular capsule

A
  1. fibrous capsule

2. synovial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(synovial joint) what are examples of mono-axial joints

A
  1. hinge joint : elbow joint

2. pivot joint : proximal radio-ulnar joint

20
Q

(synovial joint) what are examples of bi-axial joints

A
  1. condyloid joint: metacarpophalangeal joint
  2. bicondylar
  3. saddle: carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb ( base of the 1st metacarpal bone and the trapezium)
21
Q

(synovial joint) what are examples of multi-axial joints

A
  1. ball and socket: shoulder joint
22
Q

(synovial joint) what are examples of non-axial joints

A
  1. plane/gliding/planar ( intercarpal joints)
23
Q

What part of the joint is targeted by osteoarthritis

A

hyaline cartilage.

24
Q

How are tendons isolated at the area of the joints

A

the tendon can enter the joint but the joint cannot accept the tendon - so the synovial membrane wraps around the tendon so that the tendon is not entering the synovial cavity
- synovial membrane helps to lubricate as well

25
Q

What causes the bicep strain after exercising

A

inflammation of the synovial sheath

26
Q

What is the bursa

A
  • bag of synovial membrane sitting outside the joint
  • prevents friction between tendons and bony structures around them ( protects from friction)
  • same tissue as synovial membrane
  • inflammation of synovial membrane = over-production of synovial fluid
27
Q

How many joints are formed between 2 adjacent vertebrae

A

three joints

  • a pair formed between articular processes
  • formed between vertebral bodies
28
Q

What joints are formed between the articular processes of vertebrae

A

synovial non-axial planar joint

29
Q

What joints form between the vertebrae bodies

A

symphyses joints that are bound by fibrous cartilage

30
Q

What is the intervertebral disc/ what composes it

A

fibrous cartilage, is composed of:

  1. vertebrae end plate
  2. anulus fibrosis: belts of collagen fibers surrounds nucleus pulposes
  3. nucleus pulposes: sits in the center of the disc
31
Q

What is the function of nucleus pulposes

A
  • acts as a shock absorber between vertebrae bodies
  • deals with compressive forces
  • made up of hyaluronic acid
32
Q

What is the function of anulus fibrosis

A
  • hold nucleus pulposes together

- cannot tolerate compressive forces alone

33
Q

What is the ligament present anteriorly covering the length of the vertebrae

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

34
Q

What is the ligament present posteriorly covering the length of the vertebrae

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

35
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum connecting

A

lamina of the vertebrae

36
Q

What is the ligament connecting the spinous process

A

interspinous ligament

37
Q

What does the supraspinous ligament connect together

A

tip of the spinous process

38
Q

What is the joint that forms between the condylar process of the and the temporal bone

A

Condyloid joint (bi-axial joint) - articular disc made of fibrocartilage that absorbs mechanical pressure

39
Q

Name all the radio-ulnar joints

A

There are 3 radio-ulnar joints

  1. proximal radioulnar joint
  2. middle radioulnar joint:
  3. distal radioulnar joint:
40
Q

Describe the superior-radio-ulnar joint

A

pivot synovial joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna. the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulnar are held togetehr by the annular ligament

41
Q

Describe the middle radio-ulnar joint

A

It is a symphesis joint ( part of solid joint): where the interseousses membrane connects the interosseous border

42
Q

Describe the inferior radio-ulnar joint

A

It is a pivot synovial joint. the joint shares the capsule with the wrist - the joint cavity is separated from the wrist by an articular disc

43
Q

What kind of joints do the following have:

a. manubriosternal joint
b. xiphisternal joint
c. 1st true rib bone with sternum
d. all other rib bone with sternum (sternocostal)
e. temporomandibular joint

A

a. symphysis
b. symphysis
c. synchondosis
d. planar monoaxial synovial
e. condylar

44
Q

What movements are done by a pivot joint

A

medial lateral rotation

45
Q

What movements are done by a hinge joint

A

extension and flexion

46
Q

What is the difference between the joints found in the hands and pedicle?

A
  1. both intertarsals and intercarpal joints are planar joints
  2. the metacarpal-carpal joint is a saddle joint while the metatarsal-tarsal joint is a planar joint
  3. the metacarpal-phalangal and metatarsal-phalangal joints are condylar
  4. interphalangal joints are always condylar

CAPS 391 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions