Lecture 31. Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What comprises of the female reproductive system

Answer 1

• pair of ovaries
• pair of uterine tubes
• uterus
• vagine
• external genitalia organs
• mammary glands

Question 2

What do the ovaries produce ?

Answer 2

• female gamete (ovum)

- female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Question 3

How many surfaces, borders and poles do the ovaries have and what are they

Answer 3

2 surfaces: medial + lateral
2 borders: anterior + posterior
2 poles: superior + inferior

Question 4

What is the relationship between the urethra and the vagina

Answer 4

the urethra is located in the anterior wall of the vagina

Question 5

What are the 2 pouches of the peritoneal cavity in females

Answer 5

1. uterovesical pouch

2. rectouterine pouch

Question 6

What is the function / property of the rectouterine pouch

Answer 6

where the excess fluid of the peritoneum collects

Question 7

What do the borders of the ovary articulate with

Answer 7

1. anterior border of ovary: mesovarium

2. posterior border of ovary: free

Question 8

What is present on the poles of the ovary

Answer 8

superior: fimbre of the uterine tube
inferior: ovarian ligament

Question 9

What are the 3 structures that hold the ovary in place?

Answer 9

All these features stabilize the ovaries

1. ligament of the ovary: attaches to the inferior pole of the ovary to the lateral wall of the uterus, stabilizes the ovary
2. suspensory ligament: attaches the superior pole of the ovary to the posterior abdominal wall, the ligamentum carries the ovarian vessels and nerves from the ABDOMINAL wall between the 2 layers of the broad ligament
3. mesovarium (double layer of pertoneum) that attaches the anterior border of the ovary to the posterior layer of the broad ligament.

Question 10

What are the functions of the oviducts

Answer 10

1. carries sperm towards the ovaries

2. connects the uterine cavity to the peritoneal cavity

Question 11

What are the 4 parts of the ovaries

Answer 11

1. infundibulum
2. ampulla
3. isthmus
4. uterine part ( intramural)

Question 12

Describe the infundibulum of the oviduct

Answer 12

funnel shaped end of tube that hangs over the ovaries, has fimbrae, one of which attaches to the ovaries
Function: collects the released ovum

Question 13

Describe the ampulla of the oviduct

Answer 13

most dilated part of the oviduct, forms the lateral 2/3 of it

Question 14

Describe the isthmus of the oviduct

Answer 14

most narrow part of the oviduct, forms the medial 1/3 of the oviduct

Question 15

Describe the intramural or uterine part of teh oviduct

Answer 15

passes through the thickness of the uterine wall and opens into the uterine cavity

Question 16

What are the components of the uterus

Answer 16

1. fundus
2. body
3. neck/cervix

Question 17

what are the components of the neck of the uterus

Answer 17

1. internal os
2. cervical canal
3. external os

Question 18

What is the internal os

Answer 18

where the body meets the neck of the uterine

Question 19

What is the external os

Answer 19

where the cervical canal opens to meet the vagina

Question 20

What is the most narrow part of teh vagina

Answer 20

the neck/ cervix

Question 21

What is the fornix

Answer 21

the lateral fornix is the space at the connection point between the cervix and the vagina, it is where the sperm is stored

Question 22

What is the angle between the axis of cervix and axis of vagina called

Answer 22

angle of anteversion

Question 23

What is the angle bwetween the uterine body and that of the cervix called

Answer 23

anteflexion angle

Question 24

What supports the weight and position of the uterus

Answer 24

1. broad ligament
2. round ligament of uterus
3. cardinal ligament
4. pubocervical ligament
5. uterosacral ligament

Question 25

What is the broad ligament

Answer 25

double layer membrane made by the peritoneum that connects the uterus to the pelvic wall and pelvic floor.

Question 26

What is the mesosalpinx

Answer 26

part of the broad ligament between the uterine tube and the mesovarium

Question 27

WHat is the mesometrium

Answer 27

mesentery for the uterus

Question 28

Is the uterus a retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal organ

Answer 28

it is the only actual intraperitoneal organ

Question 29

What is the round ligament of the uterus

Answer 29

anchors the uterus anteriorly. it is between the layers of the broad ligament and it passes through the inguinal canal

Question 30

What is the transverse cervical ligament

Answer 30

connects the uterine cervix to the lateral pelvic wall

Question 31

What is the function of the pubocervical ligament

Answer 31

anchors the cervix of the uterus to the posterior surface of the pubis

Question 32

What is the function of the uterosacral ligament

Answer 32

Extends from the inferior part of the anterior surface of the sacrum to the cervix and superior part of teh vagina -causes the uterus to pull forward

Question 33

what constitutes the the female external genitalia

Answer 33

1. mons pubis
2. labia majora
3. labia minora

Question 34

What is the vestibule ( female external genitalia)

Answer 34

space between the labia minora

receives the urethra and the vagina

Question 35

What is the hymen

Answer 35

thin mucus membrane that partially closes the entrance of the vagina

Question 36

What are the features of the clitoris

Answer 36

root and body

analogous to the penis

Question 37

What forms the root of the clitoris

Answer 37

left and right crura and bulb of vestibule - they form the corpora cavernosa and glans of clitoris respectively

Question 38

Where are the mammary glands located

Answer 38

superficial fascia of the pectoral region

Question 39

Describe the mammary gland

Answer 39

areola is the skin surrounding the nipple

• contains lobes that have individual ducts that drain into the nipple
• suspensory ligaments of the breast attach the deep fascia
• innervated by T2-T6