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CAPS 391 > Lecture2. Skull > Flashcards

Lecture2. Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. movement
  2. support
  3. protection
  4. mineral homeostasis - calcium and phosphorous storage
  5. blood cell production (RBC)
  6. storage of minerals and lipids
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2
Q

How many different types of bones are in the body? What are the different types of bones in the body

A

6 types

  1. long bones
  2. irregular bones
  3. short bones
  4. flat bones
  5. sesamoid bones
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3
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

A

kneecap

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4
Q

What are the 2 skeletons in the skeletal system

A
  1. axial skeleton

2. apendicular skeleton

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5
Q

How are bones typically classified?

A

By their shape

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6
Q

How do we classify the sesamoid bone?

A

Sesamoid bones embedded within the tendons of muscles. Prevent the rubbing of tendon against the joint (protect tendon)

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7
Q

What is the function of the patella (recall patella= kneecap)

A

increases the muscle mechanical efficiency of the muscle

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8
Q

What constitutes the axial skeleton

A

skull
vertebral column
bony thorax (ribs)

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9
Q

Name all the axial bones ( ie. identify all bones on page 2 of L2)

A 
scapula 
sternum
all bones in the skull
rib
vertebra
sacrum
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10
Q

Is your clavicle part of the axial skeleton

A

No

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11
Q

What are the 2 major groups of bones in the skull

A
  1. neurocranium -forms bones that protect the brain

2. viscerocranium - forms bones on face

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12
Q

What bone forms the forehead. paired/unpaired

A

frontal bone. single unpaired bone

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13
Q

What bone forms the upper jaw. paired/unpaired

A

Maxilla. paired bone

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14
Q

What bone forms the lower jaw

A

mandible. unpaired

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15
Q

What is the cheek bone called. paired/unpaired

A

zygomatic bone. paired bone

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16
Q

What bone is altered in a nose job

A

nasal bone

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17
Q

What are the 3 openings that connect the cranium to the orbital cavity

A
  1. superior orbital fissure
  2. optic canal
  3. inferior orbital fissure
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18
Q

How many paired bones are in the nasal conchae

A

There are 3 pairs of bones

  1. superior nasal conchae
  2. middle nasal conchae
  3. inferior nasal conchae
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19
Q

How many bones are in the neurocranium?

A

8 bones. occupital bones, 2 temporal bones, 2 parietal bones, frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone)
-found on wiki

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20
Q

How many bones are present in the viscerocanium

A

14 bones

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21
Q

Draw where the occipital, temporal, parietal and frontal bone in a lateral direction of the skull

A

pg 7 of L2

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22
Q

What are the bones that form the zygmatic arch

A

zygomatic bone + temporal bone

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23
Q

What does the lacrimal bone carry

A

Lacrimal duct: starts from eyes to the nose, passes tears from eyes to nasal cavity

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24
Q

Identify the mastoid and styloid process

A

pg 7 of L2

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25
Q

Where is the entrance to the ear

A

External acoustic/auditory meatus

26
Q

Where is the styloid process with respect to the external acoustic meatus

A

immediately inferior

27
Q

What is the suture that separates the parietal bones

A

sagittal bone

28
Q

What is the suture that separates the pair of parietal bones with the occipital bone

A

lambdiod suture

29
Q

What are the bony processes found at the mandible

A

condylar and coronoid process

30
Q

Identify all areas on pg 7 of L2

31
Q

What is the body of the mandible called

32
Q

Identify where the external occipital protuberence is

33
Q

What is lambda

A

the connection point between the lambdiod suture and sagittal suture

34
Q

What is bregma

A

It the connection point between the sagittal suture and coronal suture

35
Q

What is a calvaria

A

roof of the skull

36
Q

Which points are not completely ossified in babies ?

A

the lambda and bregma points

37
Q

What is bregma called in babies

A

anterior fantanell. turns into bone 12-18 months later

38
Q

What is lambda called in babies

A

posterior fatanell. turns to bone in 6 months

39
Q

What are the bones that form the hard palate

A

maxilla and palatine (both paired bones)

40
Q

What is the posterior opening of the nasal cavities called

41
Q

What makes the nasal septum that separates the nasal cavities

42
Q

What is the process found in the sphenoid bone

A

pteygoid process

43
Q

Identify all structures on pg 10

44
Q

What is the condyle connected to the first cervical vertebrae

A

occipital condyle

45
Q

what is the difference between the cranium and skull

A

the cranium + mandible = skull.

so cranium does not include the mandible

46
Q

What are the 3 cavities of the cranium

A
  1. anterior cranial fossa
  2. middle cranial fossa
  3. posterior cranial fossa
47
Q

Label all the parts on pg 10,11 and 12 of L 2

48
Q

Where is the passage of the olfactory nerve

A

roof of the nasal cavity at the cribiform plate (it is a bony process) of the ethmoid bone

49
Q

What is the first cranial nerve

A

olfactory nerve

50
Q

What separates the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

A

crista galli separates the cribiform plate

51
Q

What are the components of the sphenoid

A

lesser and greater wing

52
Q

Where is the optic canal found

53
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit

A

hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica, a shallow cavity found in the sphenoid

54
Q

What are the openings of the sphenoid

A
  1. optic canal
  2. foramen rotundum
  3. foramen ovale
  4. foramen spinosum
  5. foramen lacerum
55
Q

Where is petrous located

A

temporal bone

56
Q

Describe the petrous

A

hardest part of your skull. Contains the middle and inner ear.

57
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum

A

Nothing - sealed with fibrocartilage

58
Q

Where is the foramen magnum located

A

occipital bone.

59
Q

What is located at the foramen magnum

A

Medulla oblongata

60
Q

What openings are found in the temporal bone

A

jugular foramen

internal acoustic meatus

CAPS 391 (33 decks)

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