Lecture 17. Muscles of the upper limbs+ pelvic region

Question 1

What are the divisions of the pelvic wall myscles

Answer 1

1. pelvic diaphragm

2. perineal muscles

Question 2

What constitutes the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 2

1. levator ani

2. coccygeus

Question 3

State the O,I,F,I of the levator ani

Answer 3

Origin: bony pelvis
Inserts: sacrum/ coccyx
Function: supports pelvic viscera
Innervation: sacral plexus

Question 4

State the O,I,F,I of the coccygeus

Answer 4

Origin: ischial spine

inserts: coccyx and sacrum
function: supports the pelvic viscera
innervation: sacral plexus

Question 5

What s the perineum

Answer 5

area bounded by the pubic symphysis, ishcial tuberosities and the coccyx

Question 6

What are the subdivisions of the perineum

Answer 6

anteriorly: urogenital
posterior: anal triangle

Question 7

What does the urogenital triangle of the perineum contain

Answer 7

distal part of the urethra, external genitalia and perineal muscles ( except external anal sphincter)

Question 8

What are the main perineal muscles that are present in the urogenital triangle

Answer 8

1. bulbospongiosus
2. ischiocavernosus
   - both covers the root of the external genitalia

Question 9

What happens after multiple pregnancies

Answer 9

tears the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm, and the muscles are replenished by C.T and can’t support the weight of the pelvic viscera, the heavy uterus can’t be supported and is displaced inferiorly- prolapses

Question 10

What is the function of the perineal muscles in males

Answer 10

bulbospongiosus: causes the last few drops to be squeezed out
ischiocavernosus: causes the penis to be erect, it acts as a a sphincter for the vaginal opening

Question 11

What perineal muscles contain the anal canal?

Answer 11

External anal sphincter muscle

Question 12

What innervates the perineal muscles?

Answer 12

pudental nerve

Question 13

If there is a urinary infection, which muscles is most likely defected

Answer 13

bulbospongiosus of the perineal muscles

Question 14

What is the muscle that arises from the supraspinous fossa

Answer 14

Suprapinatus

Question 15

What is the O,I,F,I of the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 15

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
F: PRIME MOVER of the first 30 degrees of abduction
- abduction of the shoulder joint 
I: brachial plexus: suprascapular nerve

Question 16

What is the O,I,F,I of the infraspinatus muscles

Answer 16

O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
F: passes posterior to shoulder,causes lateral rotation ( not prime mover)
I: suprasapular nerve

Question 17

What is the O,I,F,I of the subscapularis

Answer 17

O: subscapular fossa of the scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
F: PRIME MOVER of medial rotation of shoulder
I: upper and lower subscapular nerve (brachial plexus)

Question 18

What is the O,I,F,I of the deltois

Answer 18

O: clavicle, acromion, scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F: abduction of the shoulder joint . PRIME MOVER of abduction from 30 to 90
I: axillary muscle

Question 19

The arm region are divided into 2 components , what separates the 2 components?

Answer 19

humerus and intermuscular septum

Question 20

What is the name of the anterior compartment of the arm

Answer 20

flexor compartment

Question 21

What is the name of the posterior compartment of the arm

Answer 21

extensor compartment

Question 22

What do we do to separate the compartment of the muscles

Answer 22

based on their innervation ( NOT function)

Question 23

What innervates the anterior muscles of the arm

Answer 23

musculocutaneous

Question 24

What innervates the posterior muscles of the arm

Answer 24

radial

Question 25

What constitutes the biceps brachii and what is the O,I, F,I

Answer 25

origin:
long head: above glenoid
short head: coracoid process
insertion: radial tuberosity of the radius
function: muscle passes through 2 joints elbow and shoulder .
flexion of the elbow and shoulder joint
prime mover of supination.

nerve: musculocutaneous

Question 26

What is the O,I,F,I brachialis

Answer 26

O: body of humerus
I: ulna tuberosity
F: flexion of elbow joint
I: musculocutaneous

Question 27

What is the O,I,F,I of the tricep bachii. What is the name of the 3 heads

Answer 27

heads: long,lateral, medial heads 
O: 
long- infraglenoid tubercle/scapula  
later
lateral. medial: posterior shaft of humerus 
I: olecranon process of ulna 
F: extension of elbow 
N: radial