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CAPS 391 > Lecture 15: Muscles ( in Head and Neck) > Flashcards

Lecture 15: Muscles ( in Head and Neck) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ways to classify skeletal muscles

A
  1. shape
  2. location
  3. attachment
  4. number of heads
  5. function
  6. direction of fibers
  7. size
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2
Q

Name a few muscles classified by shape

A

deltoid, trapezius, rhomboid

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3
Q

Name a few muscles classified by location

A

pectoral, intercostal, brachial

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4
Q

Name a few muscles classified by attachment

A

sternocleidomastoid bone

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5
Q

Name a few muscles classified by number of heads

A

triceps and biceps

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6
Q

Name a few muscles classified by the function

A

flexor and extensor muscles

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7
Q

Name a few muscles classified by the direction of the fibers

A

rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis

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8
Q

Name a few muscles classified by the size

A

gluteus maximus ,vactus lateralis

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9
Q

How many muscle tissues do we have

A

three

  1. skeletal
  2. smooth
  3. cardiac
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10
Q

What are the 4 major features of a skeletal muscles

A
  1. function
  2. innervation
  3. origin
  4. insertion
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11
Q

Origin of muscle:

A

attachment of the muscle that typically remains stationary during contraction

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12
Q

Insertion of muscle:

A

attachment of muscle that typically moves during contraction

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13
Q

Function of the muscle:

A

movement due to muscle contraction: the distance between the origin and insertion typically become closer during contraction
- muscles may try to bring the insertion and origin to the same plane

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14
Q

Innervation of the muscle:

A

skeletal muscles are typically governed by the somatic nervous system of the spinal and cranial nerves

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15
Q

What is the main muscle in the scalp

A

occipitofrontalis muscle

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16
Q

What characterizes superficial muscles

A

one end is attached to the skin ( so those at the facial region are responsible for the facial expression)

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17
Q

What are the cavities that the muscles surround in the facial region

A
  1. nasal cavity
  2. orbital cavity
  3. cranial cavity
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18
Q

Name the components of the occipitofrontalis

A

frontal and occipital bellies that is connected by the galea aponeurotica ( and attached to the skin)

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19
Q

What is responsible for the wrinkles and eyebrow movement

A

frontal belly

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20
Q

What innervates the epicranius ( occipitofrontalis)

A

Cranial nerve 7

21
Q

Oribucularis oculi

  1. function
  2. where
A
  1. can squeeze eyes, opens the nasolacrimal duct

2. around the eyes

22
Q

What happens when the nasalis muscles contract

A

causes the nostrils to flare

23
Q

Oribicularis oris

  1. function
  2. where
A
  1. purses lips

2. surrounds the oral fissure, opens mouth

24
Q

What innervates all the superficial muscles in the facial region

A

CN 7

25
Q

How many muscles of mastication are there?

A

four muscles

26
Q

What are the muscles of mastication

A
  1. masseter muscle
  2. temporalis muscle
  3. medial pterygoid muscles
  4. lateral pterygoid muscles
27
Q

Where is a definite attachments of the muscles of mastication

A

mandible

28
Q

Origin and insertion of the temporalis muscle

A

origin: temporal fossa
insertion: coronoid process of mandible
function: elevates mandible

29
Q

Origin, insertion and function of the masseter muscle

A

origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: ramus of mandible
function: clenches teeth

30
Q

Origin, insertion and function of the medial muscle

A

origin: sphenoid bone
insertion: medial surface of the ramus
function: elevates muscle

31
Q

What joint is locked when your mouth is closed

A

temporomandibular joint

32
Q

What has to happen for your mouth to open

A

the mandible has to be open

33
Q

How many extra-occular muscles are there?

A

There are 7 extra-occular muscles

34
Q

What muscle works to open the eye

A

levator palpebrae superioris

35
Q

What nerves innervate the levator palpebrae superioris

A

sympathetic fibers and cranial nerve 3

36
Q

What skeletal muscle is the only skeletal muscle that gets innervated by sympathetic fibers

A

levator palpebrae superioris

37
Q

Which segment of the spinal cord supplies sympathetic fibers for the head and neck

A

T1

38
Q

Where does the T1 spinal cord segment sit

A

near the lungs, so ptosis occurs when you have a tumor to the lung - because the lung sits close to T1 segments

39
Q

What is the laryngeal elevators

A

Muscles of the pharynx that causes larynx elevation

40
Q

how are the pharyngeal muscles grouped?

A

inner longitudinal and outer circular muscles

41
Q

What CN innervates the pharyngeal muscles?

A

CN 10

42
Q

What muscle constricts the pharynx and may cause hypoxia?

A

pharyngeal constrictors

43
Q

Origin, insertion and function of muscles of the soft palate

A

origin: base of cranium
insertion: soft palate
function: elevate, depress or stretch soft palate , t prevent food from entering nasal cavity

44
Q

What innervates the muscles of the soft palate

A

CN 10

45
Q

How many muscles are there in the tongue?

A

19

46
Q

How are muscles in the tongue classified ?

A

Intrinsic: both origin and insertion inside the tongue
Extrinsic: origin originates outside the tongue and insert inside the tongue

47
Q

What CN innervates muscles of the tongue

A

CN 12

48
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the neck

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
  2. infrahyoid muscles
  3. suprahyoid muscles
49
Q

Origin, Insertion, function and innervation of the SCM

A

Sternocleidomuscle:

originates: sternum and clavicle
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
function: extends neck and rotates the head contra-laterally
innervated: CN 11

CAPS 391 (33 decks)

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