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CAPS 391 > Lecture 10. CNS > Flashcards

Lecture 10. CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the right and left hemisphere of the cerebellum

A

vermis

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2
Q

What are the anatomical lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior lobe and posterior lobe

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3
Q

What structure divides the lobes of the cerebellum

A

primary fissure

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4
Q

What are the foldings of the cerebellum called

A

folia

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5
Q

What do you call structures that connect the brainstem to the cerebellum

A

cerebellar peduncles

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6
Q

What are the subsections of the cerebellar peduncles?What are their functions?

A
  1. superior cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the midbrain ( red nucleus) and thalamus
  2. middle cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the pontine nuclei of the pons
  3. inferior cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the medulla and spinal cord
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7
Q

What is the white matter of the cerebellum called

A

arbor vitae

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8
Q

What is the largest nucleus of the cerebellum called?

A

cerebellar nucleus

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9
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

coordinates involuntary movements, allows smooth performance of movements, needed to maintain balance and posture

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10
Q

What is the name of the test used to check for cerebellar damage

A

dysdiadoco kinesia

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11
Q

What is the definition of the diencepthalon

A

structures surrounding the 3rd cerebral ventricle

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12
Q

What are the 3 main components in the diencepthalon

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. epithalamaus ( contains your pineal body/gland)
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13
Q

What is the thalamus

A

It is made up of several nuclei and it acts as a relay center for different senses ( except for smell)

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14
Q

What connects your 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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15
Q

What is the only sense that does not get read by the thalamus

A

smell

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16
Q

What is the hypothalamus

A

A group of nuclei - controls emotions, blood pressure and autonomic nervous system.

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17
Q

What is the function of the epithalamus (pineal gland

A

colour of your skin

circadian rhythm

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18
Q

What are the sulcus that are part of your cerebrum

A
  1. central sulcus
  2. lateral sulcus
  3. parieto-occipital sulcus
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19
Q

What separates the right and left hemisphere

A

longitudinal fissure

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20
Q

What separates folds of the gray matter

A

gyri

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21
Q

What is a sulcus ( on the cerebrum)

A

groove sitting beside 2 adjacent gyri

22
Q

How many lobes are there in the cerebrum

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. pariental lobe
  3. occipital lobe
  4. temporal lobe
23
Q

What bounds the frontal lobe

A

lateral and central sulci

24
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe

A

It is the motor part of the brain – all the motor impulses start from the frontal lobe. It is the center for judgement. It is the center for personality. Math operation.

25
Q

The parietal lobe is bounded by what sulci

A

central sulcus, lateral sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus

26
Q

What is the function of the parietal

A

Parietal receives general sensation: pain, touch and temperature

27
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe

A

Receives sense of taste,memory and hearing

- after 30 years old, 10000 neurons die daily, ( lost from short term memories)

28
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe

A

It receives visual sense

29
Q

What are the components of the basal ganglia?

A 
caudate nucleus ( arches over the thalamus)
lentiform nucleus (lateral to the thalamus)
30
Q

Where is the basal ganglia located?

A

in the brain

31
Q

What are the 3 different types of nerve fibers in the brain

A
  1. commisural fibers
  2. projection fibers
  3. association fibers
32
Q

What are the 2 subunits of the lentiform nucleus

A
  1. putamen

2. globus pallidus

33
Q

What is the function of the commisural fiber

A

connects the similar area of the left and right cortexes

34
Q

What is the function of projection fibers. example?

A

It connects the cerebrum to lower centers ( such as the spinal cord/pons/brain stem/cerebellum etc). ex: internal capsule

35
Q

What is the function of basal ganglia?

A

It inhibits inefficient movements. it coordinates involuntary movements

36
Q

What is the function of association fibers

A

connect left OR right cortex/hemisphere together connects 2 points on the same hemisphere

37
Q

What are the openings of the 4th ventricle?

A
  1. median aperture

2. lateral aperture

38
Q

What are the subunits of the lateral ventricle

A
  1. frontal /anterior horn
  2. occipital / posterior horn
  3. temporal/ inferior horn
39
Q

What connects the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventrcle

A

Interventricular foramen

40
Q

What is the function of the system of ventricles

A

The ventricles produce and transport the CSF. CSF leaves the ventricle to enter the subarachnoid space

41
Q

What is the function of the median aperture which has 2 lateral aperture

A

it siphons CSF from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space.

42
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue covering the spinal cord and the brain

A
  1. dura mater ( dense irregular CT)
  2. arachnoid mater (loose CT)
  3. pia mater (loose CT) : thin layer
43
Q

What is the function of the dura mater

A

mechanical protection

44
Q

What is the function of arachnoid mater

A

circulates CSF ( NOT produce)

45
Q

What is the function of the pia mater

A

It carries blood vessel to depth of nerves

46
Q

When is the space between the arachnoid and the dura space seen

A

when there is bleeding and hemorrhaging

47
Q

What is the subarachnoid space

A

It is the space between the pia and arachnoid filled with CSF

48
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dura in the skull

A
  1. periosteal layer

2. and menningeal layer

49
Q

What can separate the periosteal and menningeal layer

A

Sinus- which is a dilated vein that collects venous blood from the brain.

50
Q

What is the function of the sinus

A

they receive projections from the arachnoid- they are arachnoid villus which acts as a unidirectional valve that allows the drainage of the sinuses, they don’t allow blood to go back to the subarachnoid space

CAPS 391 (33 decks)

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