Lecture 10. CNS Flashcards
What divides the right and left hemisphere of the cerebellum
vermis
What are the anatomical lobes of the cerebellum
anterior lobe and posterior lobe
What structure divides the lobes of the cerebellum
primary fissure
What are the foldings of the cerebellum called
folia
What do you call structures that connect the brainstem to the cerebellum
cerebellar peduncles
What are the subsections of the cerebellar peduncles?What are their functions?
- superior cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the midbrain ( red nucleus) and thalamus
- middle cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the pontine nuclei of the pons
- inferior cerebellar peduncle: connects the cerebellum to the medulla and spinal cord
What is the white matter of the cerebellum called
arbor vitae
What is the largest nucleus of the cerebellum called?
cerebellar nucleus
What is the function of the cerebellum
coordinates involuntary movements, allows smooth performance of movements, needed to maintain balance and posture
What is the name of the test used to check for cerebellar damage
dysdiadoco kinesia
What is the definition of the diencepthalon
structures surrounding the 3rd cerebral ventricle
What are the 3 main components in the diencepthalon
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- epithalamaus ( contains your pineal body/gland)
What is the thalamus
It is made up of several nuclei and it acts as a relay center for different senses ( except for smell)
What connects your 3rd and 4th ventricle?
cerebral aqueduct
What is the only sense that does not get read by the thalamus
smell
What is the hypothalamus
A group of nuclei - controls emotions, blood pressure and autonomic nervous system.
What is the function of the epithalamus (pineal gland
colour of your skin
circadian rhythm
What are the sulcus that are part of your cerebrum
- central sulcus
- lateral sulcus
- parieto-occipital sulcus
What separates the right and left hemisphere
longitudinal fissure
What separates folds of the gray matter
gyri
What is a sulcus ( on the cerebrum)
groove sitting beside 2 adjacent gyri
How many lobes are there in the cerebrum
- frontal lobe
- pariental lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
What bounds the frontal lobe
lateral and central sulci
What is the function of the frontal lobe
It is the motor part of the brain – all the motor impulses start from the frontal lobe. It is the center for judgement. It is the center for personality. Math operation.
The parietal lobe is bounded by what sulci
central sulcus, lateral sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus
What is the function of the parietal
Parietal receives general sensation: pain, touch and temperature
What is the function of the temporal lobe
Receives sense of taste,memory and hearing
- after 30 years old, 10000 neurons die daily, ( lost from short term memories)
What is the function of the occipital lobe
It receives visual sense
What are the components of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus ( arches over the thalamus) lentiform nucleus (lateral to the thalamus)
Where is the basal ganglia located?
in the brain
What are the 3 different types of nerve fibers in the brain
- commisural fibers
- projection fibers
- association fibers
What are the 2 subunits of the lentiform nucleus
- putamen
2. globus pallidus
What is the function of the commisural fiber
connects the similar area of the left and right cortexes
What is the function of projection fibers. example?
It connects the cerebrum to lower centers ( such as the spinal cord/pons/brain stem/cerebellum etc). ex: internal capsule
What is the function of basal ganglia?
It inhibits inefficient movements. it coordinates involuntary movements
What is the function of association fibers
connect left OR right cortex/hemisphere together connects 2 points on the same hemisphere
What are the openings of the 4th ventricle?
- median aperture
2. lateral aperture
What are the subunits of the lateral ventricle
- frontal /anterior horn
- occipital / posterior horn
- temporal/ inferior horn
What connects the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventrcle
Interventricular foramen
What is the function of the system of ventricles
The ventricles produce and transport the CSF. CSF leaves the ventricle to enter the subarachnoid space
What is the function of the median aperture which has 2 lateral aperture
it siphons CSF from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space.
What are the 3 layers of connective tissue covering the spinal cord and the brain
- dura mater ( dense irregular CT)
- arachnoid mater (loose CT)
- pia mater (loose CT) : thin layer
What is the function of the dura mater
mechanical protection
What is the function of arachnoid mater
circulates CSF ( NOT produce)
What is the function of the pia mater
It carries blood vessel to depth of nerves
When is the space between the arachnoid and the dura space seen
when there is bleeding and hemorrhaging
What is the subarachnoid space
It is the space between the pia and arachnoid filled with CSF
What are the 2 layers of the dura in the skull
- periosteal layer
2. and menningeal layer
What can separate the periosteal and menningeal layer
Sinus- which is a dilated vein that collects venous blood from the brain.
What is the function of the sinus
they receive projections from the arachnoid- they are arachnoid villus which acts as a unidirectional valve that allows the drainage of the sinuses, they don’t allow blood to go back to the subarachnoid space
