Lecture 29. Urinary System Flashcards
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney
The liver causes the right kidney to be lower
What are the surfaces of the kidney ?
anterior and posterior surface
What are the borders of the kidney?
medial and lateral border
What are the poles of the kidney?
superior and inferior
what are the contents of the hilum
renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis ( NOT THE URETER) , lymphatics, nerve fibers and fat
What are the coverings of the kidney
- fibrous capsule
- perineal fat
- renal fascia
What is associated with the posterior surface of the kidney
diaphragm, psoas major, quadratus
Which ribs are associated with the right and left kidney
right kidney: rib 12
left kidney: rib 11 and 12
Is the pararenal fat a covering of the kidney.
No, it does not cover the whole kidney, only the posterior part
Is the kidney a retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal, it is fixed to the posterior wall
Describe the fibrous capsule of the kidney
dense connective tissue , for protection
Describe the perirenal fat of the kidney
It cushions the kidney
Describe the renal fascia of the kidney
it has a loose CT that surrounds the kidney and the adrenal gland
What are the internal features of the kidney
Have the cortex, medulla
Describe the cortex of the pyramids
The cortex is bounded between the renal capsule and renal pyramid, it even extends between the renal pyramids and forms the renal columns, although the renal columns are part of the medulla
What is the apex of the renal pyramids called
renal papilla
What does the renal lobe consist of
renal cortex, renal pyramid and 1/2 of the adjacent renal columns on each side
What is the role of the minor calyx.
first space that receiving the urine from the renal papilla
What forms the major calyx
3-4 minor calyx forms
What is the renal sinus
renal sinus is the empty space in the kidney that houses all the calyxes
Where does the ureter start and end
renal pelvis and bladder respectively
Trace the path of the ureter
peritoneum, peritoneal muscle, crosses the pelvis
Where are the 3 narrowing of the urter
- level of L1 it is the narrowing near the renal pelvis
- when it passes over the pelvic rim near the sacroiliac joint
- entrance of the urinary bladder ( at S2)
What is the urinary bladder
muscular sac that holds urine
Where is the urinary bladder located
behind the symphysis pubis in the true pelvis
Is the bladder retro or intra peritoneal
retroperitoneal
What covers the superior surface of the urinary bladder in males , females
males: coils of small intestine
females: small intestine + uterus
What associates with the base/posterior surface of the bladder in males and females
males: seminal vesicles , rectum
females: vagina
What associates with the inferolateral surface of the bladder in males and females
males: prostate (direct) and perineal muscles ( indirect)
females: perineal muscles
What is the bladder trigone
only area without many foldings
What are the sphincters found in the bladder, voluntary/involuntary , smooth/skeletal
internal sphincter: smooth muscle (involuntary)
external sphincter: skeletal muscle ( voluntary)
