Lecture 29. Urinary System

Question 1

Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney

Answer 1

The liver causes the right kidney to be lower

Question 2

What are the surfaces of the kidney ?

Answer 2

anterior and posterior surface

Question 3

What are the borders of the kidney?

Answer 3

medial and lateral border

Question 4

What are the poles of the kidney?

Answer 4

superior and inferior

Question 5

what are the contents of the hilum

Answer 5

renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis ( NOT THE URETER) , lymphatics, nerve fibers and fat

Question 6

What are the coverings of the kidney

Answer 6

1. fibrous capsule
2. perineal fat
3. renal fascia

Question 7

What is associated with the posterior surface of the kidney

Answer 7

diaphragm, psoas major, quadratus

Question 8

Which ribs are associated with the right and left kidney

Answer 8

right kidney: rib 12

left kidney: rib 11 and 12

Question 9

Is the pararenal fat a covering of the kidney.

Answer 9

No, it does not cover the whole kidney, only the posterior part

Question 10

Is the kidney a retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal

Answer 10

retroperitoneal, it is fixed to the posterior wall

Question 11

Describe the fibrous capsule of the kidney

Answer 11

dense connective tissue , for protection

Question 12

Describe the perirenal fat of the kidney

Answer 12

It cushions the kidney

Question 13

Describe the renal fascia of the kidney

Answer 13

it has a loose CT that surrounds the kidney and the adrenal gland

Question 14

What are the internal features of the kidney

Answer 14

Have the cortex, medulla

Question 15

Describe the cortex of the pyramids

Answer 15

The cortex is bounded between the renal capsule and renal pyramid, it even extends between the renal pyramids and forms the renal columns, although the renal columns are part of the medulla

Question 16

What is the apex of the renal pyramids called

Answer 16

renal papilla

Question 17

What does the renal lobe consist of

Answer 17

renal cortex, renal pyramid and 1/2 of the adjacent renal columns on each side

Question 18

What is the role of the minor calyx.

Answer 18

first space that receiving the urine from the renal papilla

Question 19

What forms the major calyx

Answer 19

3-4 minor calyx forms

Question 20

What is the renal sinus

Answer 20

renal sinus is the empty space in the kidney that houses all the calyxes

Question 21

Where does the ureter start and end

Answer 21

renal pelvis and bladder respectively

Question 22

Trace the path of the ureter

Answer 22

peritoneum, peritoneal muscle, crosses the pelvis

Question 23

Where are the 3 narrowing of the urter

Answer 23

1. level of L1 it is the narrowing near the renal pelvis
2. when it passes over the pelvic rim near the sacroiliac joint
3. entrance of the urinary bladder ( at S2)

Question 24

What is the urinary bladder

Answer 24

muscular sac that holds urine

Question 25

Where is the urinary bladder located

Answer 25

behind the symphysis pubis in the true pelvis

Question 26

Is the bladder retro or intra peritoneal

Answer 26

retroperitoneal

Question 27

What covers the superior surface of the urinary bladder in males , females

Answer 27

males: coils of small intestine
females: small intestine + uterus

Question 28

What associates with the base/posterior surface of the bladder in males and females

Answer 28

males: seminal vesicles , rectum
females: vagina

Question 29

What associates with the inferolateral surface of the bladder in males and females

Answer 29

males: prostate (direct) and perineal muscles ( indirect)
females: perineal muscles

Question 30

What is the bladder trigone

Answer 30

only area without many foldings

Question 31

What are the sphincters found in the bladder, voluntary/involuntary , smooth/skeletal

Answer 31

internal sphincter: smooth muscle (involuntary)

external sphincter: skeletal muscle ( voluntary)