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Anatomy II > Lecture 8: Microanatomy of Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Microanatomy of Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

embyronic origin of cartilage (and bone)

A

mesenchyme from mesoderm

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2
Q

chondrogenic cells

A

cartilage stem cells

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3
Q

articular cartilage definition

A

hyaline cartilage with NO perichondrium

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4
Q

what 2 types of cartilage have perichondrium

A

elastic
hyaline

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5
Q

perichondrium definition

A

dense CT surrounding elastic and hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

what 2 types of cartilage are not surrounded by perichondrium

A

fibrocartilage
articular cartilage

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7
Q

2 layers of perichondrium

A

outer fibrous layer
inner cellular layer

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8
Q

components/features of outer fibrous layer: perichondrium

A

type 1 collagen
dense CT
fibroblasts
VASCULATURE

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9
Q

when no perichondrium is present, where are nutrients received from

A

synovial fluid

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10
Q

component of inner cellular layer: perichondrium

A

chondrogenic cells

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11
Q

Chondrocyte definition/function

A

Specialized fibrocyte producing cartilage ECM
Quiescent

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12
Q

Chondrocytes vs chondroblasts

A

Chondroblasts are ACTIVELY secreting ECM

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13
Q

How is lacuna formed

A

ECM forms around chondroblast

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14
Q

Lacuna definition

A

Fluid filled space where quiescent chondrocyte resides

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15
Q

2 ways cartilage grows

A

Appositional growth
Interstitial growth

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16
Q

Appositional growth process

A

Chondrogenic cells in perichondrium undergo mitosis and differentiate into chondrocytes/chondroblasts that secrete ECM
New cells and ECM added to edge of pre existing tissue (on outer surface)

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17
Q

Interstitial growth process/features

A

Chondrocytes undergo mitosis to produce daughter cells that stay close to each other and form isogenous groups
Isogenous groups produce ECM and get pushed apart
New cells and ECM added within tissue
Growth occurs in any direction

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18
Q

Isogenous group definition

A

Collection of Chondrocyte daughter cells that remain close together

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19
Q

In what kind of cartilage growth process can growth occur in any direction

A

Interstitial

20
Q

Extracellular matrix definition

A

Mostly water
Supported by collagen fibers
Secreted by chondroblasts

21
Q

Is cartilage vascular

A

No

22
Q

How does cartilage receive blood supply

A

Nearby CT = perichondrium, joint capsule (synovia)

23
Q

What helps cartilage regulate fluid content and resist compression

A

Avascularity
ECM

24
Q

Proteoglycans definition

A

Protein bound to glycosaminoglycans

25
Q

Glycosaminoglycans function

A

Attract water

26
Q

Proteoglycan aggregates: definition, function, location (general)

A

Aggregates of proteoglycans bound to hyaluronic acid in ECM
In cartilage
Create internal pressure that allows cartilage to resist compression without inhibiting flexibility —> TURGOR

27
Q

Main structural components of cartilage (4)

A

Mostly water
Cells
Collagens
Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans

28
Q

3 regions of ECM

A

Capsular matrix
Territorial matrix
Inter territorial matrix

29
Q

Capsular matrix of ECM: amount of proteoglycans, stain color, relation to chondrocytes

A

Around/surround chondrocytes
Many proteoglycans
Stain very dark purple

30
Q

Territorial matrix of ECM: amount of PG’s, stain color, relation to chondrocytes

A

Near chondrocytes
Type II fibrils, PGs
Dark staining (but not as dark as capsular matrix)

31
Q

Inter territorial matrix of ECM: amount of PG’s, stain color, relation to chondrocytes

A

Few PG’s
Away from chondrocytes
Pale staining

32
Q

What stain must be used to indefinite elastic fibers

A

Verhoeff’s or orcein

33
Q

PG’s vs collagen in cartilage stain what color

A

Purple for PGs
Pink for collagen

34
Q

Elastic cartilage requires added

A

Flexibility

35
Q

Fibrocartilage must be able to

A

Resist tension

36
Q

What kind of cartilage is found in intervertebral disc

A

Fibrocartilage

37
Q

What kind of cartilage is found inside the trachea

A

Hyaline

38
Q

What kind of fibers are never present in hyaline ECM

A

Type 1 collagen
Elastic

39
Q

articular cartilage definition

A

type of hyaline cartilage found on surfaces of synovial joints

40
Q

articular cartilage lacks (3)

A

perichondrium
type 1 collagen
elastic fibers

41
Q

subchondral bone

A

bone supporting articular cartilage
covered completely in cartilage

42
Q

balanced steady state of chondrocytes in cartilage

A

synthesis/anabolic of ECM components in equilibrium with normal turnover/catabolism of matrix molecules

43
Q

damage to cartilage matrix: how it affects balance

A

chondrocytes release more cytokines that inhibit ECM secretion and enzymes that digest ECM vs factors that produce more matrix –> cartilage degeneration

44
Q

can articular cartilage repair/scar… why or why not

A

no
no perichondrium

45
Q

repair of damaged cartilage tissue can be initiated where

A

perichondrium

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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