Lecture 31: Nasal Sinus and Palate I Flashcards
Pterygopalatine fossa: definition, function
Region of skull ventral to orbit
Conduit connecting other regions of head and neck
What nerve and artery give off branches into pterygopalatine fossa
3rd part of maxillary artery and nerve
3 foramen in pterygopalatine fossa and where they lead
Maxillary foramen —> infraorbital and alveolar canals
Phenopalatine foramen —> nasal cavity
Caudal palatine foramen —> hard palate and nasal cavity
Philtrum definition
Midline sulcus in external nose
Naris definition
Opening into nasal cavity
Nostril
In what species can the shape of the external nares be altered
Horses
Septal cartilage definition
Cartilaginous plate that takes up majority of midline septum
What makes up the Rostral portion of the nose
Cartilage
4 cartilages that make up Rostral most portion of nose
Septal cartilage
Dorsolateral nasal cartilage
Ventrolateral nasal cartilage
Accessory cartilage
2 ligaments that affix cartilage to margin of bony nasal aperture
Dorsal nasal ligament
Lateral nasal ligament
Alar fold definition
Raised fold of mucosa along medial wall of nares supported by alar cartilage
Nasal diverticulum
Blind pouch dorsal to alar fold
Special consideration when inserting nasal tube
Must get tube ventral to alar fold to ensure it passes into nasal cavity and beyond
Nasal conchae: definition, function
Thin, convoluted laminae of bone that protrude from lateral nasal wall
Increase surface area of nasal cavity
3 nasal conchae in nasal cavity
Dorsal nasal conchae
Ventral nasal conchae
Ethmoidal conchae
Nasal meati: definition
Subdivision of nasal cavity defined by presence of conchae
4 nasal meati
Dorsal
Middle
Ventral
Common
Vomeronasal organ: definition, function
Specialized olfactory region near Rostral base of nasal septum
Diverticulum of incisive duct that passes through palatine fissure and is open communication between oral and nasal cavities
Detection of pheromones
Incisive duct in horses difference
Does not open into oral cavity
Lip curl (flehmen) reaction
Distinct facial reaction made by males in response to stimulation of vomeronasal organ by female pheromones
Main blood supply to nasal cavity (2)
Sphenopalatine
maxillary V2
Terminal branch of maxillary artery
Descending palatine artery
Path of Sphenopalatine artery
Enters Sphenopalatine foramen to reach nasal cavity
What do branches of Sphenopalatine artery supply in nasal cavity (3)
Lateral nasal wall
Ventral and dorsal conchae
Middle region of nasal septum
External ethmoidal parent artery
External ophthalmic
What do branches of external ethmoidal supply in nasal cavity (3)
Caudal nasal septum
Dorsal aspect of nose
Ethmoturbinates
What foramina does external ethmoidal artery pass through
Ethmoidal foramen
Cribriform plate
What artery supplies Rostral septum
Branch of major palatine artery
Infraorbital artery: what supplied, Anastamoses
External surface of nose
Anastamoses with branches of Sphenopalatine to supply ventral nasal conchae
Sensory innervation to nasal cavity
Olfactory CN I
Ethmoidal branch of V1
Branches from V2
Olfactory filaments from CN I carry
Chemosensory signals from olfactory region of nasal cavity through cribriform plate to cranial cavity
Ethmoidal nerve parallels what artery
Ethmoidal
Branches from maxillary nerve parallel what 2 arteries
Sphenopalatine
Major palatine
Postganglionic parasympathetics: ganglion, path, what is innervated, where branches go
From pterygopalatine ganglion
Innervate glands embedded within nasal mucosa
Branches into orbit travel within ethmoidal nerves to supply more dorsal mucosa and turbinates
What nerve is closely associated with pterygopalatine ganglion and hitchhikes
Branches of V2
