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Anatomy II > Lecture 14: Artiodactyl and Perissodactyl Manus and Hoof > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Artiodactyl and Perissodactyl Manus and Hoof Flashcards

1
Q

5 external regions of manus in horse

A

knee
cannon
fetlock
pastern
hoof

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2
Q

what bones make up the cannon (3)

A

metacarpus II, III and IV

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3
Q

what bones make up the fetlock (3)

A

metacarpus III
phalanx I
proximal sesamoid bones

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4
Q

what bones make up the pastern (2)

A

phalanx I
phalanx II

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5
Q

what bones make up the hoof (3)

A

phalanx II
phalanx III
distal sesamoid

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6
Q

carpus =

A

knee

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7
Q

1st, 2nd and 3rd carpals in cattle

A

1st is absent
2 and 3 are fused

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8
Q

great metacarpus in cattle composed of what 2 bones

A

metacarpus III and IV

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9
Q

great metacarpus in horses composed of what bone

A

metacarpus III

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10
Q

proximal vs distal sesamoid bones: number per digit

A

1 distal per digit
2 proximal per digit

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11
Q

of the 5 external region of manus in horses, which one does not contain a joint

A

cannon

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12
Q

4 knee joints: horse

A

radiocarpal
ulnocarpal
intercarpal
carpometacarpal

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13
Q

fetlock joint name

A

metacarphophalangeal

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14
Q

pastern joint name

A

proximal interphalangeal
between phalanx 1 and 2

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15
Q

hoof joint name

A

distal interphalangeal
between phalanx 2 and 3

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16
Q

3 ligaments in horse knee

A

collateral ligaments
intercarpal ligaments
accessory ligaments

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17
Q

importance of collateral ligaments: horse

A

prevent joint from bending side to side

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18
Q

importance of intercarpal ligaments: horse

A

keep carpal bones together
only allow spaces between bones at the dorsal side (for flexion of limb)

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19
Q

importance of accessory ligaments: horse

A

keep accessory bone in place

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20
Q

ligaments (one type) in fetlock, pastern and hoof: horse

A

collateral articular ligaments

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21
Q

importance/location of collateral articular ligaments: horse

A

lateral and medial
prevent joint from bending from side to side
keep bones together

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22
Q

ligaments in fetlock, pastern and hoof: cattle (2)

A

abaxial articular ligaments
axial articular ligaments

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23
Q

4 tendons in horse

A

common digital extensor
lateral digital extensor
superficial digital flexor
deep digital flexor

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24
Q

4 ligaments in cannon: horse

A

carpal check
suspensory
annular
sesamoid

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25
Q

common digital extensor tendon: location, features, insertions (3)

A

enveloped by synovial sheath
at carpal and metacarpal regions
extensor process of PIII, proximal regions of PI and PII, external surface of lateral cartilages

26
Q

synovial sheath definition

A

extension of articular capsule that encloses tendons

27
Q

lateral digital extensor tendon: insertion

A

dorsal aspect of proximal PI

28
Q

superficial digital flexor tendon aka

A

flexor perforatus (perforated)

29
Q

superficial digital flexor tendon encloses

A

deep digital flexor tendon

30
Q

superficial digital flexor tendon enclosed by

A

synovial sheath

31
Q

superficial digital flexor tendon: 2 insertions

A

lateral and medial surfaces of PII
lateral and medial aspects of PI

32
Q

deep digital flexor tendon aka

A

flexor perforans (perforating)

33
Q

deep digital flexor tendon enclosed for

A

superficial digital flexor

34
Q

deep digital flexor tendon insertion

A

semilunar line of solar surface of PIII

35
Q

check ligament: OIA

A

O - palmar surface of great metacarpus
I - deep region of deep digital flexor
A - reinforce tendon of deep digital flexor

36
Q

suspensory ligament aka (2)

A

superior sesamoid ligament
interosseus muscle

37
Q

suspensory ligament: origin, insertion, importance

A

o- palmar carpal fascia
I - proximal to fetlock, divides into 2 branches that join lateral and medial regions of proximal sesamoid bones and phalanx I
part of passive stay apparatus

38
Q

3 distal sesamoid ligaments

A

medial oblique sesamoid I
straight sesamoid I
lateral oblique sesamoid I

39
Q

distal sesamoid ligaments: O,I, importance

A

O - distal part of proximal sesamoid bones
I - palmar region of PII
part of passive stay apparatus

40
Q

3 annular ligaments

A

palmar
proximal digital
distal digital

41
Q

functions of all 3 annular ligaments (2)

A

reinforce joints
work as flexor retinacula

42
Q

palmar annular ligament: location, origin, insertion

A

cover palmar region of fetlock
O - proximal sesamoid bones
I - superficial digital flexor

43
Q

proximal digital annular ligament: location, origin, insertion

A

cover palmar region of proximal pastern
O - 2 branches from medial and lateral PI
I - 2 branches on medial and lateral PI, fuse with superficial digital flexor

44
Q

distal digital annular ligament: location, origin, insertion

A

covers deep digital flexor
O - palmar surface of PII
I - 2 branches to PI

45
Q

2 tendons within common digital extensor: cattle

A

lateral tendon
medial tendon

46
Q

2 digital extensor tendons in cattle

A

common digital
lateral digital

47
Q

2 digital flexor tendons in cattle (similar to horse)

A

superficial digital
deep digital

48
Q

relationship between superficial and deep digital flexors: cattle

A

superficial encloses deep

49
Q

do cattle have an interosseus muscle

A

yes

50
Q

3 annular ligaments in cattle

A

palmar
proximal digital
distal digital

51
Q

function of interdigital ligaments: cattle

A

restrict separation of digits

52
Q

distal interdigital ligament: cattle

A

cruciate ligament

53
Q

2 main origins of blood supply: horses

A

median artery
collateral ulnar artery

54
Q

2 main origins of blood supply: cattle

A

lateral and medial digital arteries
palmar common digital artery

55
Q

innervation difference between cattle and horses

A

cattle have radial nerve, horses do not

56
Q

2 main nerves of manus: horse

A

median
ulnar

57
Q

3 main nerves of manus: cattle

A

median
ulnar
radial

58
Q

tendonitis: definition

A

bowed tendons = swelling of digital flexors

59
Q

what is the most common non fatal career ending injury for racehorses

A

tendonitis

60
Q

tendon rupture of flexor tendons: effect, potential tendons involved

A

permanent hyperextension of fetlock
varied degree depending on number of tendons involved: superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor, interosseus

61
Q

rank increasing degree of hyperextension with number of flexor tendons involved

A

superficial digital flexor –> superficial digital flexor + deep digital flexor –> superficial, digital and interosseus

62
Q

complete rupture of extensor tendons lead to

A

permanent flexion of fetlock

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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