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Anatomy II > Lecture 4: Organization of Pelvic Limb and Coxofemoral Joint > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Organization of Pelvic Limb and Coxofemoral Joint Flashcards

1
Q

hindlimb functions (4)

A

quadrupedal posture and support
locomotion
elimination and reproduction
somatosensory organ - pain, tension, position

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2
Q

basic organization of a limb: 4 parts

A

cingulum
stylopodium
zeugopodium
autopodium

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3
Q

cingulum

A

joint

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4
Q

stylopodium

A

upper limb bone

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5
Q

zeugopodium

A

lower limb bones

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6
Q

autopodium

A

digits/phalanges

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7
Q

organization of limb: coxofemoral/hip

A

cingulum: hip
stylopodium: femur
zeugopodium: tibia and fibula
autopodium: digits

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8
Q

5 regions of hindlimb: proximal to distal

A

gluteal
thigh
crus
tarsus
pes

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9
Q

crus =

A

leg (Distal hindlimb)

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10
Q

tarsus =

A

ankle bones

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11
Q

pelvic limbs are adapted for

A

propulsion = accelerate center of gravity forward and upward

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12
Q

3 adaptations of pelvic limbs for propulsion

A

longer and angular vs thoracic limb
heavily muscled
connected directly to vertebral column via sacroiliac joints

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13
Q

which way does the hindlimb rotate during development

A

ventrally

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14
Q

2 regions of pelvic limb

A

dorsal
ventral

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15
Q

where do dorsal compartments of pelvic limb end up

A

cranial

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16
Q

where do ventral compartments of pelvic limb end up

A

caudal

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17
Q

primary abductors of the hip =

A

superficial gluteal muscles

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18
Q

superficial gluteal muscles aka

A

lateral muscles of pelvis

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19
Q

what are the 4 superficial gluteal muscles

A

gluteus medius
gluteus profundus
gluteus superficialis
tensor fascia latae

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20
Q

general characteristics of superficial gluteal muscles: action, innervation, origin, insertion

A

extend and abduct hip
cranial gluteal nerve
originate at ileum
insert at greater trochanter

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21
Q

tensor fascia latae: action and insertion differences

A

flex hip and extend stifle
insert on fascia lata/tibia

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22
Q

gluteus superficialis: insertion and innervation differences

A

third trochanter
caudal gluteal nerve

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23
Q

what do hip adbuctors do during stride cycle

A

contract in supporting/stance limb to counteract adduction –> level pelvic and maintain balance while other limb is off the floor

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24
Q

primary rotators of the hip =

A

deep gluteal muscles

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25
Q

general characteristics of deep gluteal muscles: action, innervation, origin

A

laterally rotate hip
direct branches off lumbosacral trunk
origin at ischium

26
Q

4 deep gluteal muscles

A

gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
obturator externus

27
Q

obturator externus: action and innervation differences

A

obturator nerve
laterally rotate thigh

28
Q

articularis coxae: function

A

protect hip joint capsule from being nipped between femoral and acetabular surfaces during movement (so it doesn’t get trapped)

29
Q

primary extensors of the hip =

A

caudal thigh muscles

30
Q

3 caudal thigh muscles

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus

31
Q

general characteristics of caudal thigh muscles: action, innervation, origin

A

extend hip, stifle, hock
sciatic nerve
origin from ischial tuberosity

32
Q

biceps femoris: 2 heads

A

caudal
cranial

33
Q

caudal head of biceps femoris: action difference

A

flex stifle

34
Q

cranial head of biceps femoris: innervation difference

A

caudal gluteal nerve

35
Q

semimembranosus: action difference

A

flex OR extend stifle depending on position of limb

36
Q

caudofemoralis: species, function, location

A

cats
femur to tail
stabilize femur

37
Q

caudofemoralis aka

A

gluteofemoralis

38
Q

caudal crural abductor: species

A

carnivorans

39
Q

caudal crural abductor aka in cats

A

tenuissimus

40
Q

primary adductors of the hip =

A

medial thigh muscles

41
Q

4 medial thigh muscles

A

sartorius
pectineus
adductor
gracilis

42
Q

general characteristics of medial thigh muscles: action, innervation, origin

A

adduct hip
origin at pelvis
obturator nerve

43
Q

2 heads of sartorius

A

cranial and caudal

44
Q

sartorius: origin, action and innervation differences

A

origin from ileum
flex hip
femoral nerve

45
Q

cranial head of sartorius: action difference

A

extend stifle

46
Q

caudal head of sartorius: action difference

A

flex stifle

47
Q

adductor: action difference/addition

A

also extends hip

48
Q

gracilis: action differences/additions

A

flex stifle, extend hip and hock

49
Q

muscle that is major flexor of hip

A

iliopsoas

50
Q

ilipsoas: definition/components, insertion, innervation (2)

A

combined insertion tendon of iliacus and psoas major muscles
inserts on lesser trochanter of femur
direct branches from lumbosacral plexus and femoral nerve

51
Q

extensor muscle of stifle =

A

quadriceps femoris

52
Q

femoral nerve continues as

A

saphenous nerve

53
Q

what 2 nerves are found at L4-L6

A

femoral
obturator

54
Q

lumbosacral trunk spinal cord levels

A

L6-S2

55
Q

2 branches off sciatic nerve

A

common fibular/peroneal nerve
tibial nerve

56
Q

what 3 muscles are innervated by cranial gluteal nerve

A

tensor fascia latae
gluteus medius
gluteus profundus

57
Q

what muscle is innervated by caudal gluteal nerve

A

gluteus superficialis

58
Q

what 2 muscles are innervated by sciatic nerve

A

deep gluteal muscles
caudal thigh muscles

59
Q

what muscles are innervated by obturator nerve

A

medial thigh EXCEPT sartorius
obturator externus

60
Q

what 3 muscles are innervated by femoral nerve

A

psoas major
sartorius via saphenous nerve
quadriceps femoris

61
Q

parent artery of femoral artery

A

external iliac off aorta

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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