Lecture 4: Organization of Pelvic Limb and Coxofemoral Joint Flashcards
hindlimb functions (4)
quadrupedal posture and support
locomotion
elimination and reproduction
somatosensory organ - pain, tension, position
basic organization of a limb: 4 parts
cingulum
stylopodium
zeugopodium
autopodium
cingulum
joint
stylopodium
upper limb bone
zeugopodium
lower limb bones
autopodium
digits/phalanges
organization of limb: coxofemoral/hip
cingulum: hip
stylopodium: femur
zeugopodium: tibia and fibula
autopodium: digits
5 regions of hindlimb: proximal to distal
gluteal
thigh
crus
tarsus
pes
crus =
leg (Distal hindlimb)
tarsus =
ankle bones
pelvic limbs are adapted for
propulsion = accelerate center of gravity forward and upward
3 adaptations of pelvic limbs for propulsion
longer and angular vs thoracic limb
heavily muscled
connected directly to vertebral column via sacroiliac joints
which way does the hindlimb rotate during development
ventrally
2 regions of pelvic limb
dorsal
ventral
where do dorsal compartments of pelvic limb end up
cranial
where do ventral compartments of pelvic limb end up
caudal
primary abductors of the hip =
superficial gluteal muscles
superficial gluteal muscles aka
lateral muscles of pelvis
what are the 4 superficial gluteal muscles
gluteus medius
gluteus profundus
gluteus superficialis
tensor fascia latae
general characteristics of superficial gluteal muscles: action, innervation, origin, insertion
extend and abduct hip
cranial gluteal nerve
originate at ileum
insert at greater trochanter
tensor fascia latae: action and insertion differences
flex hip and extend stifle
insert on fascia lata/tibia
gluteus superficialis: insertion and innervation differences
third trochanter
caudal gluteal nerve
what do hip adbuctors do during stride cycle
contract in supporting/stance limb to counteract adduction –> level pelvic and maintain balance while other limb is off the floor
primary rotators of the hip =
deep gluteal muscles
general characteristics of deep gluteal muscles: action, innervation, origin
laterally rotate hip
direct branches off lumbosacral trunk
origin at ischium
4 deep gluteal muscles
gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
obturator externus
obturator externus: action and innervation differences
obturator nerve
laterally rotate thigh
articularis coxae: function
protect hip joint capsule from being nipped between femoral and acetabular surfaces during movement (so it doesn’t get trapped)
primary extensors of the hip =
caudal thigh muscles
3 caudal thigh muscles
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
general characteristics of caudal thigh muscles: action, innervation, origin
extend hip, stifle, hock
sciatic nerve
origin from ischial tuberosity
biceps femoris: 2 heads
caudal
cranial
caudal head of biceps femoris: action difference
flex stifle
cranial head of biceps femoris: innervation difference
caudal gluteal nerve
semimembranosus: action difference
flex OR extend stifle depending on position of limb
caudofemoralis: species, function, location
cats
femur to tail
stabilize femur
caudofemoralis aka
gluteofemoralis
caudal crural abductor: species
carnivorans
caudal crural abductor aka in cats
tenuissimus
primary adductors of the hip =
medial thigh muscles
4 medial thigh muscles
sartorius
pectineus
adductor
gracilis
general characteristics of medial thigh muscles: action, innervation, origin
adduct hip
origin at pelvis
obturator nerve
2 heads of sartorius
cranial and caudal
sartorius: origin, action and innervation differences
origin from ileum
flex hip
femoral nerve
cranial head of sartorius: action difference
extend stifle
caudal head of sartorius: action difference
flex stifle
adductor: action difference/addition
also extends hip
gracilis: action differences/additions
flex stifle, extend hip and hock
muscle that is major flexor of hip
iliopsoas
ilipsoas: definition/components, insertion, innervation (2)
combined insertion tendon of iliacus and psoas major muscles
inserts on lesser trochanter of femur
direct branches from lumbosacral plexus and femoral nerve
extensor muscle of stifle =
quadriceps femoris
femoral nerve continues as
saphenous nerve
what 2 nerves are found at L4-L6
femoral
obturator
lumbosacral trunk spinal cord levels
L6-S2
2 branches off sciatic nerve
common fibular/peroneal nerve
tibial nerve
what 3 muscles are innervated by cranial gluteal nerve
tensor fascia latae
gluteus medius
gluteus profundus
what muscle is innervated by caudal gluteal nerve
gluteus superficialis
what 2 muscles are innervated by sciatic nerve
deep gluteal muscles
caudal thigh muscles
what muscles are innervated by obturator nerve
medial thigh EXCEPT sartorius
obturator externus
what 3 muscles are innervated by femoral nerve
psoas major
sartorius via saphenous nerve
quadriceps femoris
parent artery of femoral artery
external iliac off aorta
