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Anatomy II > Lecture 6: Anatomy of Leg and Tarsus > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Anatomy of Leg and Tarsus Flashcards

1
Q

portion of pelvic limb between stifle and hock joints =

A

leg

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2
Q

tarsus =

A

ankle

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3
Q

pes =

A

foot

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4
Q

tarsus definition

A

region connecting hock to digits of pes/foot

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5
Q

how is movement of leg achieved

A

muscles that move the stifle joint

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6
Q

arrangement of hock and tarsus: 3 tiers

A

proximal
middle
distal

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7
Q

arrangement of hock and tarsus: proximal tier

A

includes talus and calcaneus

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8
Q

arrangement of hock and tarsus: middle tier

A

includes central tarsal bone

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9
Q

arrangement of hock and tarsus: distal tier

A

tarsals 1-4 numbered mediolateral
4th tarsal bone deeper than others and intrudes into middle tier

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10
Q

which tarsal bone is constantly present

A

4th

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11
Q

variations in equine tarsals

A

1 and 2 fuse

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12
Q

talus: trochlea

A

proximal surface
articulates with tibia and fibula

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13
Q

talus: head

A

distal surface
articulates with central tarsal

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14
Q

where is calcaneus located (Relative to talus)

A

lateral

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15
Q

calcaneus: sustentaculum tali/talar shelf

A

supports plantar surface of talus
supports tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

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16
Q

calcaneus: tuber calcanei

A

attachment for calcaneal tendon
movement at hock

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17
Q

calcaneal tendon analogous to what structure in humans

A

achilles tendon

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18
Q

calcaneus: head

A

articulates with fourth tarsal

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19
Q

metatarsals vs metacarpals

A

metatarsals longer by 20%
more rounded

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20
Q

what is special about metatarsal 1 in dogs

A

dewclaw
rudimentary/not always present

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21
Q

3 regions of phalanges

A

proximal
intermediate
distal

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22
Q

what shape are dorsal sesamoid bones

A

banana

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23
Q

what shape are proximal sesamoid bones

A

round

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24
Q

what does proximal trochlear surface of talus articulate with in dogs

A

tibia and fibula

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25
Q

what does head of talus articulate with in dogs

A

central bone

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26
Q

what allows for free extension and flexion at talo-crural joint in horses

A

trochlea of talus is fused with cochlea of tibia

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27
Q

result of flat/small talar head: horse

A

more stability at talar/central articulation
limited movement

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28
Q

what causes horse’s distal limb to be carried laterally when flexion occurs at the hock

A

obliquity of talo-crural joint

29
Q

double pully astragulus: arteriodatyls

A

talus articulates with central and fourth tarsal

30
Q

in mammals, the talar head only articulates with what bone

A

central

31
Q

4 levels of articulation in hock

A

tarso-crural/talo-crural
proximal intertarsal
distal intertarsal
tasometatarsal

32
Q

proximal intertarsal joint is between

A

central tarsal bone and 1st and 2nd tarsal bones

33
Q

distal intertarsal joint is between

A

central tarsal bone and 1st, 2nd and 3rd tarsal bones

34
Q

tarsometatarsal joint is between

A

tarsals and metatarsals

35
Q

almost all movement occurs at what hock joint

A

talocrural joint

36
Q

how does talocrural joint work as a hinge joint (benefits)

A

lateral deviation of foot when its carried forward on flexion
pelvic limb will be external to thoracic limb when they overlap during high speed running

37
Q

which ligaments extend from tibia and fibula to base of the metatarsus

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

38
Q

medial/lateral collateral ligaments: 2 parts

A

long superficial part
shorter deeper part

39
Q

long superficial part of medial/collateral ligaments extend to

A

full length of ligament

40
Q

hock: 3 synovial compartments

A

tarsocrural and proximal intertarsal joints
distal intertarsal joint
tarsometatarsal joint

41
Q

4 pouches within tarsocrural and proximal intertarsal joints (synovial compartments of hock)

A

laterodorsal
mediodorsal
medioplantar
lateral plantar

42
Q

significance of 4 pouches within synovial compartment of hock

A

weaker parts of joint
swelling may occur due to over distention

43
Q

2 bones within caudal compartment of leg

A

tibia
fibula

44
Q

4 muscles within caudal compartment of leg

A

gastrocnemius
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
popliteus

45
Q

3 muscles that make up flexor digitorum profundii

A

flexor digitorum lateralis
flexor digitorum medialis
tibialis caudalis

46
Q

caudal compartment of leg: innervation, blood supply, action

A

tibial nerve
saphenous artery
extend tarsus and flex digits

47
Q

popliteus: origin, insertion, action

A

O - lateral condyle of femur
I - medial/proximal tibia
A- medial rotation of tibia relative to femur during flexion or swing phase

48
Q

5 muscles of craniolateral compartment of leg

A

tibialis cranialis
extensor digitorum longus
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius

49
Q

craniolateral compartment of leg: artery, nerve, action

A

cranial tibial artery
fibular/peroneal nerve
flex tarsus and extend digits

50
Q

what does peroneus/fibularis tertius do at hock

A

bifurcates into lateral branch and dorsal branch

51
Q

specific action of peroneus/fibularis tertius

A

connect actions of stifle and hock so they extend simultaneously

52
Q

lateral branch of peroneus/fibularis tertius includes what 2 bones

A

calcaneus and 4th tarsal

53
Q

dorsal branch of peroneus/fibularis tertius includes what 2 bones

A

proximal 3rd tarsal and 3rd metatarsal

54
Q

what species is peroneus/fibularis tertius absent in

A

carnivorans

55
Q

sciatic nerve splits into (in thigh)

A

tibial nerve
fibular nerve

56
Q

where does tibial nerve enter

A

between 2 heads of gastrocnemius

57
Q

how does tibial nerve travel/split

A

off of sciatic –> enters through gastrocnemius –> caudal sural branch –> enters tarsus between common calcaneal tendon and caudal crural muscles –> splits into medial and lateral plantar nerves

58
Q

what branches off tibial nerve innervate the pes

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

59
Q

caudal sural branch of tibial nerve innervates what muscle group/compartment

A

caudal leg muscles

60
Q

how does fibular nerve travel

A

enters lateral to gastrocnemius –> lateral sural cutaneous branch –> dorsum of pes

61
Q

lateral sural cutaneous branch of fibular nerve innervates what muscle group/compartment

A

craniolateral leg muscles

62
Q

which hindlimb artery is not present in horse and why

A

dorsal pedal
fewer toes

63
Q

saphenous artery in horse vs dog (what does it do)

A

makes a loop

64
Q

long plantar ligament

A

extends from plantar surface of calcaneus over 4th tarsal bone to metatarsus

65
Q

lateral saphenous vein drains to

A

popliteal
on lateral leg

66
Q

medial saphenous vein drains to

A

femoral vein –> external iliac
on medial leg

67
Q

cranial tibial artery anastamoses with

A

saphenous artery

68
Q

where does sciatic nerve split

A

thigh

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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