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Anatomy II > Lecture 17: Neck 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Neck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 boundaries of the neck

A

-thoracic inlet
-skull

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2
Q

thoracic inlet definition

A

space bounded by 1st ribs, sternum (1st sternabrae) and T1 vertebrae

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3
Q

what is the primary passageway for structures between neck and thorax

A

thoracic inlet

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4
Q

vertebral column and axial musculature attach to __________

A

occipital bone of caudal skull

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5
Q

caudal most portion of the skull (hint: bump)

A

external occipital protuberance

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6
Q

ridge on skull resulting from neck muscle attachment

A

nuchal crest

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7
Q

hypoglossal canal: definition, what structure passes through

A

hole in occipital bone
hypoglossal nerve runs through

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8
Q

jugular foramen: location, what goes through

A

between occipital and temporal bones
conveys jugular artery and vein

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9
Q

hyoid apparatus: definition, what 3 structures are supported by apparatus

A

series of bones running from temporal bones of skull into neck and supporting the tongue, larynx and pharynx

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10
Q

is the hyoid apparatus associated with vertebral musculature

A

no

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11
Q

laryngeal cartilages

A

set of cartilages at cranial end of airway (before joining pharynx)

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12
Q

C1 aka

A

atlas

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13
Q

C2 aka

A

axis

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14
Q

which cervical vertebrae has the largest transverse processes

A

atlas/C1

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15
Q

which cervical vertebrae has articular facets for occipital condyles

A

atlas/C1

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16
Q

what is the palpable landmark for atlas/C1

A

wings

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17
Q

what is the palpable landmark for axis/C2

A

spinous process

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18
Q

does atlas really have spinous processes

A

no

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19
Q

why can’t the spine of axis be palpated in horses and ruminants

A

ligamentum nuchae is very cranial
fatty crest present in horses

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20
Q

what can be used as reliable substitute for body composition/indicator of metabolic health issues in horses

A

size and shape of fatty crest

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21
Q

3 components/bones of hyoid apparatus

A

stylohyoid
basihyoid
thyrohyoid

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22
Q

stylohyoid: location, paired vs unpaired

A

most dorsal
articulates with temporal bone of skull next to mastoid process via the tympanohyoid cartilage
paired

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23
Q

basihyoid: paired vs unpaired, definition

A

unpaired bone anchored in musculature of the base of the tongue

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24
Q

what helps support the weight of the tongue in horses and ruminants

A

lingual process that is cranially directed

25
Q

thyrohyoid: paired vs unpaired, definition

A

articulates with thyroid cartilage
attaches to larynx
paired

26
Q

epaxial muscles of vertebral column attachment site

A

occipital bone

27
Q

3 epaxial muscles of vertebral column

A

spinalis cervicis
semispinalis
longissimus

28
Q

what is an epaxial muscle that is unique to the head and neck

A

splenius

29
Q

splenius: OINA

A

O: T1-T3 spines
I - nuchal crest and mastoid
N - dorsal rami
A - extend head and neck, some lateral bending

30
Q

what are the 2 most ventral/hypaxial cervical vertebral muscles

A

longus
scalenus

31
Q

does spinalis have a capitis portion

A

no

32
Q

scalenus is a group of how many muscles

A

3

33
Q

long muscle of the neck =

A

longus colli/longus cervicis

34
Q

location of longus colli/longus cervicis

A

along cranial thoracic vertebral bodies and cervical bodies and transverse processes

35
Q

what are the 2 longus muscles

A

capitis
cervicis/colli

36
Q

location of longus capitis

A

lateral to longus colli/cervicis from transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to ventral part of skull

37
Q

location of scalenus muscles

A

from caudal cervical vertebrae to cranial ribs

38
Q

6 capitis muscles that are specific to fine control of atlantoaxial (C1-C2) and atlantooccipital (C1-occipital bone) joints

A

rectus capitis dorsalis major
rectus capitis dorsalis minor
rectus capitis lateralis
rectus capitis ventralis
obliquus capitis cranialis
obliquus capitis caudalis

39
Q

rectus capitis dorsalis major vs minor attachment

A

major: C2 to skull
minor: C1 to skull

40
Q

of the 4 rectus muscles of vertebral column, which 2 are epaxial

A

rectus capitis dorsalis major and minor

41
Q

obliquus capitis cranialis vs caudalis: attachment

A

cranialis: axis/c1 –> occipital bone
caudalis: atalas/C2 –> occipital bone

42
Q

3 fascia compartments of the neck

A

carotid sheath
pretracheal fascia
prevertebral fascia

43
Q

of the 3 fascia compartments of the neck, which one is a possible route of infection

A

prevertebral fascia

44
Q

carotid sheath: 3 structures contained

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagosympathetic trunk

45
Q

pretracheal fascia contains (6)

A

muscles and viscera of ventral neck = esophagus, thyroid, omohyoideus, sternohyoid, larynx, brachiocephalicus

46
Q

prevertebral fascia: structures

A

all muscles associated with vertebral column (rectus capitis muscles, longus colli, etc)

47
Q

what happens to prevertebral fascia as ventral vertebral muscles (longus colli) pass into the thorax

A

blends with endothoracic fascia

48
Q

2 primary cutaneous muscles that cover the neck

A

cutaneous colli
platysma

49
Q

cutaneous colli definition

A

cervical portion of general cutaneous muscle

50
Q

platysma definition, origin and insertion

A

muscle of facial expression
originates in neck and passes cranially to reach the head

51
Q

cutaneous colli level of development: dogs/cats vs ungulates

A

not well developed in dogs or cats
well developed in ungulates

52
Q

what does cutaneous colli form in horses (and why is this clinically important)

A

thick cover over caudal part of jugular groove
covers jugular vein so you have to stick higher up

53
Q

what is the most ventral of the non cutaneous neck muscles

A

sternocephalicus

54
Q

sternocephalicus: location(relative to another muscle), OINA

A

takes up position along ventral edge of brachiocephalicus
O: 1st sternabrae (manubrium)
I: mastoid and nuchal crest
N: CNXI/accessory nerve
A: unilateral lateral flexion of neck, bilateral ventral flexion of neck

55
Q

unique role of sternocephalicus in other animals (related to different insertion)

A

inserts on mandible to help open the jaw

56
Q

cranial group of muscles that control position of hyoid apparatus (3 general locations)

A

muscles of oral cavity, tongue and pharynx

57
Q

4 muscles within caudal group that control position of hyoid

A

sternohyoideus
omohyoideus
sternothyroideus
thyrohyoideus

58
Q

which of the 4 caudal muscles that control hyoid is NOT present in dogs and cats

A

omohyoideus

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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