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Anatomy II > Lecture 11: Brachium and Elbow > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Brachium and Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

3 joints that compose elbow

A

radiohumeral
ulnohumeral
proximal radioulnar

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2
Q

what kind of joint is elbow (3)

A

synovial = 3 joints within 1 capsule
hinge joint
pivot joint

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3
Q

4 ligaments that support elbow joint

A

lateral collateral
medial collateral
annular ligament of radius
oblique ligament

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4
Q

ulno humeral joint between

A

trochlea of humerus with ulna

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5
Q

condyle of humerus: 2 components

A

trochlea
capitulum

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6
Q

articular surface of humerus =

A

condyle

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7
Q

condyle of humerus articulates with what bones: elbow joint

A

radius
ulna

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8
Q

function of lateral collateral ligament: elbow

A

prevent excessive adduction of radius and ulna relative to humerus

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9
Q

function of medial collateral ligament: elbow

A

prevent excessive abduction of radius and ulna relative to humerus

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10
Q

4 movements permitted at elbow

A

flexion
extension
pronation
supination

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11
Q

2 joints of elbow that accomplish flexion/extension

A

radiohumeral
ulnohumeral

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12
Q

function of oblique ligament: elbow

A

prevent over extension of elbow

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13
Q

pronation/supination of elbow: how accomplished

A

ulna around the radius
requires rotation of humeral head at proximal radioulnar joint

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14
Q

can horses pronate/supinate elbow, why or why not

A

no
radius and ulna are fused

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15
Q

annular ligament of radius: definition, function

A

round ligament that runs from ulna to radius
does not attach to radius
rotates radial head around ulna

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16
Q

flexor compartment of elbow: 2 muscles

A

biceps brachi
brachialis

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17
Q

biceps brachii/brachialis: innervation, blood supply, actions

A

musculocutaneous nerve
brachial artery
flexion of arm and forearm

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18
Q

extensor compartment of elbow: 3 muscles

A

triceps brachi
tensor fasciae antebrachi
anconeus

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19
Q

triceps brachi, tensor fascia antebrachi, anconeus: inervation, blood supply, action

A

radial nerve
deep brachial artery
extend arm and forearm

20
Q

4 heads of triceps brachi

A

long head
lateral head
medial head
accessory head

21
Q

insertion of all 4 heads of triceps brachi

A

olecranon process of ulna

22
Q

which head of triceps flexes the glenohumeral joint

A

long head

23
Q

result of avulsion fracture of elecranon (functional loss if triceps brachii attachment is lost)

A

no elbow extension
can’t support weight of limb
dropped elbow appearance

24
Q

how many heads is biceps brachi

A

1

25
Q

biceps brachi: origin, 2 insertions, action

A

O - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
deep insertion - radial tuberosity and medial ulna
superficial insertion - antebrachial fascia around biceps
flex forearm, assist with pronation

26
Q

what does biceps brachi do at glenohumeral joint

A

crosses it

27
Q

brachialis: origin, insertion, action

A

caudal part of proximal humerus
ulnar tuberosity between 2 deep insertions of biceps brachi
flex elbow

28
Q

biceps brachi in horses: specialization, benefit at faster gait

A

internal tendon joints tendons of origin/insertion of biceps brachi
internal tendon stores energy when stretched during support phase –> use energy to accelerate forward movement of limb

29
Q

lacertus fibrosus: horses

A

splits away from internal tendon and emerges on surface
palpable
taut in standing animal but slackens as joint is flexed

30
Q

what muscles protect the brachial plexus

A

pectoral
serratus ventralis

31
Q

radial nerve innervates what muscles (3)

A

triceps brachi
anconeus
tensor fasciae antebrachii

32
Q

path of radial nerve

A

origin from C7-T1
runs distally with arm caudal to brachial artery
dives between long and medial heads of triceps, follows groove of humerus
continues into cranial forearm

33
Q

path of musculocutaneous nerve: dogs

A

origin from C7-C8
proximal branch to coracobrachialis
communicating branch to median nerve
passes under deep part of biceps (brachialis)
divides into 2 branches: distal to brachialis, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

34
Q

musculocutaneous nerve provides cutaneous innervation from:

A

skin of antebrachium

35
Q

muscles innervated by musculocutaneous nerve (3)

A

coracobrachialis
biceps brachii
brachialis

36
Q

path of musculocutaneous nerve: ungulates

A

loops around axillary artery to join median nerve
branches in brachium to separate from median nerve similar to dog

37
Q

difference of musculocutaneous nerve: horses

A

cutaneous branch extends beyond carpus to fetlock

38
Q

path of median nerve

A

origin from C8-T1
down medial surface of arm caudal to axillary
enters forearm over medial collateral ligament of elbow joint

39
Q

path of ulnar nerve

A

origin from C8-T1
runs down brachium beside/united with median nerve
splits off at olecranon to cross caudal elbow joint
wraps around medial epicondyle of humerus
“funny bone”

40
Q

deep brachial artery runs with what nerve

A

radial

41
Q

last branch of brachial artery

A

common interosseous artery

42
Q

what artery is the continuation of brachial artery into forelimb

A

median artery

43
Q

2 branches of median artery

A

ulnar
radial

44
Q

what branches supply palmar foot

A

metacarpal and carpal arteries

45
Q

cephalic vein joins with what vein

A

accessory cephalic vein on palmar surface

46
Q

median cubital vein: significance

A

great place to draw blood
connects cephalic and brachial veins

47
Q

what nerves/veins/arteries are found in cubital fossa (6)

A

brachial artery and vein
cephalic vein
medial cubital vein
median nerve
ulnar nerve

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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