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Anatomy II > Lecture 5: Anatomy of Thigh and Stifle > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Anatomy of Thigh and Stifle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the portion of the pelvic limb between the pelvic girdle and stifle

A

thigh

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2
Q

how is movement of the thigh achieved

A

muscles that move the coxofemoral joint

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3
Q

3 components/joints of the stifle

A

femoro-tibial
femoro-patellar
proximal tibio-fibular

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4
Q

what connects all 3 joints of the stifle

A

single capsule

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5
Q

what kind of bone is the patella

A

sesamoid bone

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6
Q

sesamoid bone definition

A

floating bone that grows within a tendon

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7
Q

location of patella

A

within tendon of quadriceps femoris

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8
Q

extra sesamoid bone in canine stifle

A

femoro-fabellar joint

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9
Q

fabellae

A

sesamoid bone in proximal heads of gastrocnemius

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10
Q

what kind of synovial joint is the stifle

A

complex = joint capsule + articular cartilage + discs/menisci

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11
Q

function of menisci

A

stabilize movement of round femoral condyles on flat tibial condyles = stabilize movement for femorotibial articulation

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12
Q

2 menisci in stifle

A

lateral
medial

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13
Q

stifle menisci: characteristics (2)

A

fibrocartilage discs
semilunar shape

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14
Q

6 ligaments that support the stifle

A

patellar
medial collateral
lateral collateral
caudal cruciate
cranial cruciate
meniscofemoral

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15
Q

patellar ligament/tendon

A

connect patella to tibia

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16
Q

medial collateral ligament

A

connect femur to tibia

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17
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A

connect femur to fibula

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18
Q

caudal cruciate ligament function

A

prevent CAUDAL slip of tibia

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19
Q

cranial cruciate ligament function

A

prevent CRANIAL slip of tibia

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20
Q

what do caudal and cranial cruciate ligaments do relative to each other

A

criss cross

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21
Q

meniscofemoral ligament

A

connect menisci to femur –> stabilize menisci

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22
Q

2 main movements at stifle

A

flexion
extension

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23
Q

in cats, the stifle has greater capacity for what 2 movements

A

translational mobility
rotation along long axis of tibia

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24
Q

what happens as stifle is flexed

A

lateral collateral ligament loosens –> allows internal rotation of tibia on femur –> cruciate ligaments twist on each other to limit this internal rotation

25
Q

what happens as stifle is extended

A

lateral collateral ligaments tighten –> tibia rotates externally –> cruciate ligaments untwist (no limit on external rotation)

26
Q

which cruciate ligament is more commonly torn

A

cranial

27
Q

cause of CCL tear

A

sudden rotation of flexed stifle (slipping)

28
Q

is a CCL tear more commonly acute or chronic

A

chronic

29
Q

chronic cause of CCL tear

A

degenerative changes in ligaments

30
Q

medial compartment of the stifle: 4 muscles, nerve, artery, action

A

sartorius, gracilis, adductor, pectineus
obturator artery
femoral nerve, obturator nerve
flex stifle

31
Q

lateral compartment of the stifle: 3 muscles, innervation, action

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
deep femoral artery
sciatic nerve
flex or extend stifle

32
Q

cranial compartment of the stifle: 5 muscles, innervation, artery, action

A

quadriceps femoris = vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris
iliopsoas
femoral artery
femoral nerve
extend stifle

33
Q

4 muscles of quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius

34
Q

muscle action of quadriceps femoris

A

extend stifle

35
Q

muscle action of iliopsoas

A

flex hip

36
Q

cranial part of sartorius action (stifle)

A

extend stifle

37
Q

caudal part of sartorius action (Stifle)

A

flex stifle

38
Q

gracilis action (stifle)

A

flex

39
Q

semitendinosus action (stifle)

A

flex

40
Q

what is the extensor group at the stifle

A

quadriceps femoris

41
Q

origin of rectus femoris

A

ileum

42
Q

quadriceps femoris: insertion, innervation

A

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
femoral nerve

43
Q

specializations of horse stifle enable

A

horse can lock stifle when hindlimb is extended (save energy)

44
Q

specialization of equine distal femur

A

enlarged medial epicondylar ridge

45
Q

2 surfaces on equine trochlea

A

gliding
resting

46
Q

what shape is equine patella

A

diamond

47
Q

2 surfaces of equine patella

A

caudally facing surface
distally directed surface

48
Q

caudally facing surface of equine patella engages

A

gliding surface of trochlea

49
Q

distally directed surface of equine patella engages

A

resting surface of trochlea when in full extension

50
Q

number of patellar ligaments: dog vs horse

A

dog = 2
horse = 3

51
Q

3 patellar ligaments of horse

A

intermediate patellar
lateral patellar
medial patellar

52
Q

3 other ligaments of equine stifle

A

medial femoropatellar
medial collateral
medial meniscus

53
Q

what 3/6 STIFLE muscles are innervated by femoral nerve

A

iliopsoas
sartorius
quadriceps femoris = vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

54
Q

2 cutaneous branches off femoral nerve

A

caudal
lateral

55
Q

function of saphenous nerve

A

sensory to medial leg and tarsus

56
Q

effect of dysfunction of femoral nerve

A

paralyze quadriceps
stifle collapses = entire limb disabled
no compensation
no sensation on skin of medial surface of limb

57
Q

locking mechanism of stifle

A

caudal facing surface of patella engages with gliding surface of trochlea (femur)
during resting position: medial patellar ligament runs even with edge of corresponding ridge of trochlea –> position maintained without assistance of quadriceps femoris –> this position is unstable so patella is easily dislodged BUT it slips back onto the gliding surface of the trochlea

58
Q

origin of femoral nerve

A

L4-L6

59
Q

where does femoral nerve enter thigh (between what 2 muscles)

A

sartorius and pectineus = femoral nerve

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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