Lecture 23: Microanatomy of Head and Neck Structures Flashcards
2 kinds of glands
Exocrine
Endocrine
Endocrine vs exocrine glands
Endocrine - secrete hormones into blood or lymphatic tissues
Exocrine - secrete into ducts
2 types of exocrine secretions
Serous
Mucus
Saliva definition and functions
Combo of serous and mucus products of salivary glands
Dissolve water soluble portions of food
Lubricates upper digestive tract
3 major salivary glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
5 minor salivary glands
Labial
Lingual
Buccal
Palatine
Zygomatic
Serous demilunes: function, location
Release proteins containing lysoszyme
Associates with mucous acini in major salivary glands
3 extramural glands of digestion
Salivary glands
Pancreas and liver
Secretions from salivary glands, pancreas, liver: path, functions
Delivered to lumen of alimentary/GI tracts via ducts
Secrete lysozyme, lactoferrin and IgA to protect body
Parotid secretion type: serous, mucus or mixed
Serous
Secretion type of submandibular and sublingual glands
Mixed serous and mucus
Myoepithelial cells function
Compress ducts to push secretion down into intercalated cut
Parotid gland innervated by
CN IX/glossopharyngeal
What structure is where secretions are released
Acina/acinar cells
Innervation of submandibular and sublingual glands
CN VII/facial
Palate: epithelial type
Stratified squamous
Lacrimal gland secretes
Tear
Lacrimal gland is under what kind of control
Autonomic
Path of tears
Produced in lacrimal gland —> lacrimal punctum —> lacrimal caruncle —> canaliculi —> nasolacrimal duct
Innervation of lacrimal gland
Facial nerve
Prominent feature in lacrimal gland
Lymphatic nodules
Is thyroid endocrine or exocrine
Endocrine
2 cells within parathyroid
Chief
Oxyphils
Chief cells in parathyroid: 2 functions
Produce parathyroid hormone
Regulate blood calcium levels
Oxyphils in parathyroid: definition, importance (what happens with age)
Nonsecretory cells
Increase across lifespan
Fat content increases with age = indicates age
Colloid: definition, function, location
Thyroid
Composed of thyroglobulin = storage of main thyroid hormones
C cells in thyroid: function
Release calcitonin to decrease blood Calcium levels
Thyroid gland parenchyma is filled with
Millions of colloid filled follicles
What is colloid composed of
Thyroglobulin
Thyroid gland releases
Hormones that regulate metabolism
What type of cells surround ducts
Myoepithelial cells
Which gland is lobulated
Lacrimal
Submandibular/sublingual vs parotid: Adipocytes
More Adipocytes in parotid
