Lecture 18: Neck 2 Flashcards
primary blood supply to structures of head and neck is via what arteries (general)
common carotid
supplemental blood supply to structures of head and neck is via
subclavian arteries
what is the 1st branch off subclavian artery
vertebral artery
vertebral artery: path, what it supplies (general)
passes through transverse foramina of C6-C1 but bypasses C7
branches to cervical vertebral muscles and spinal cord
minor branches of subclavian (2)
deep cervical artery
superficial cervical artery
what do deep and superficial cervical arteries supply (general)
structures of root of the neck
what does common carotid artery divide into (2)
internal carotid
external carotid
where does common carotid divide into 2 branches
at the hyoid
which carotid supplies the brain
internal
what does the external carotid supply (general)
most of the regions of the head
what does the common carotid supply in the neck (general)
viscera and ventral musculature
what is the first branch off external carotid that supplies portion of thyroid
cranial thyroid artery
carotid sinus: definition, what does it contain
dilation of origin at internal carotid artery
contains baroreceptors
carotid body: definition/location, what does it contain
small mass next to carotid sinus
contains chemoreceptors
path of internal carotid artery
goes directly to the skull where it enters skull and passes through carotid canal
what artery passes through carotid canal
internal carotid
internal carotid in ruminants
obliterates and disappears completely
4 branches of external carotid artery that supply cervical structures
cranial laryngeal
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
occipital
most blood drainage of head is through what veins
jugular
2 jugular veins
internal
external
external jugular vein: definition, formed by, clinical importance
primary drainage of head and neck including superficial and deep regions
formed by 2 superficial veins
popular for venipuncture
internal jugular vein: definition, function, pairs with what artery
small and little importance
deep venous drainage
pairs with common carotid artery
path of external jugular vein
formed near edge of mandible –> crosses over sternocephalicus –> dives deep to brachiocephalicus to contribute to formation of cranial vena cava
location of external jugular vein in horses
in jugular groove between brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus
superficial drainage of neck is via what lymph nodes
superficial cervical
location of superficial cervical lymph nodes
deep to superficial neck muscles
cranial to shoulder
deep drainage of neck is via what lymph nodes
deep cervical
location of deep cervical lymph nodes (runs parallel to what vein?)
run along length of trachea
paralle to internal jugular vein
size of superficial vs deep cervical lymph nodes
superficial are larger
drainage of head and neck: right vs left side
left side: drainage joins thoracic duct
right side: drainage joins right lymphatic duct
3 categories of nerves found in neck
cervical spinal nerves
cranial nerves
autonomic nerves
what 3 cranial nerves pass through jugular foramen
CN IX/glossopharyngeal
CN X/vagus
CN XI/accessory
cranial nerve that passes through hypoglossal canal
CN XII/hypoglossal
2 major cervical spinal nerves
ansa cervicalis
C2 through C4/C5
ansa cervicalis: definition, innervation provided to
loop of nerves (C1 and C2) from ventral ramus that joins with fibers carries by hypoglossal nerve
only motor innervation to caudal hyoid group
no sensory
2 nerve branches from ventral ramus of C2
great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
C2-C5 ventral rami nerves: location through what muscle, what kind of innervation is provided
go through omotransversarius
motor and sensory innervation to neck
vagosympathetic trunk: type of nerves, definition, location
autonomic nerves
cervical sympathetic chain shares fascial cover with vagus nerve
located in carotid sheath
2 groups of autonomic nerves in neck
vagosympathetic trunk
cranial cervical ganglion
cranial cervical ganglion
sympathetic ganglion for most of head and neck
postganglionics distribute along cranial nerves and periarterial plexuses around both carotid arteries
viscera of the neck (4)
salivary glands
pharynx
larynx
thyroid
2 salivary glands in neck
parotid
mandibular
thyroid gland: definition, location, blood supply
endocrine gland located along sides of proximal trachea
cranial and caudal thyroid arteries (from brachiocephalic) anastamose dorsal to thyroid
cranial vs caudal thyroid vein drains to
cranial –> internal jugular
caudal –> internal jugular OR brachiocephalic
2 parathyroid glands
cranial
caudal
lobes of thyoid gland are associated with
cranial and caudal parathyroid glands
caudal gland of parathyroid is embedded in
thyroid tissue
thyroid isthmus: definition/function, presence in ruminants vs dogs
additional tissue that bridges the 2 lobes ventral to trachea
found in cattle, pigs, horses
variably present in dogs
