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Anatomy II > Lecture 18: Neck 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Neck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

primary blood supply to structures of head and neck is via what arteries (general)

A

common carotid

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2
Q

supplemental blood supply to structures of head and neck is via

A

subclavian arteries

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3
Q

what is the 1st branch off subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery

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4
Q

vertebral artery: path, what it supplies (general)

A

passes through transverse foramina of C6-C1 but bypasses C7
branches to cervical vertebral muscles and spinal cord

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5
Q

minor branches of subclavian (2)

A

deep cervical artery
superficial cervical artery

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6
Q

what do deep and superficial cervical arteries supply (general)

A

structures of root of the neck

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7
Q

what does common carotid artery divide into (2)

A

internal carotid
external carotid

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8
Q

where does common carotid divide into 2 branches

A

at the hyoid

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9
Q

which carotid supplies the brain

A

internal

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10
Q

what does the external carotid supply (general)

A

most of the regions of the head

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11
Q

what does the common carotid supply in the neck (general)

A

viscera and ventral musculature

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12
Q

what is the first branch off external carotid that supplies portion of thyroid

A

cranial thyroid artery

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13
Q

carotid sinus: definition, what does it contain

A

dilation of origin at internal carotid artery
contains baroreceptors

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14
Q

carotid body: definition/location, what does it contain

A

small mass next to carotid sinus
contains chemoreceptors

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15
Q

path of internal carotid artery

A

goes directly to the skull where it enters skull and passes through carotid canal

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16
Q

what artery passes through carotid canal

A

internal carotid

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17
Q

internal carotid in ruminants

A

obliterates and disappears completely

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18
Q

4 branches of external carotid artery that supply cervical structures

A

cranial laryngeal
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
occipital

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19
Q

most blood drainage of head is through what veins

A

jugular

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20
Q

2 jugular veins

A

internal
external

21
Q

external jugular vein: definition, formed by, clinical importance

A

primary drainage of head and neck including superficial and deep regions
formed by 2 superficial veins
popular for venipuncture

22
Q

internal jugular vein: definition, function, pairs with what artery

A

small and little importance
deep venous drainage
pairs with common carotid artery

23
Q

path of external jugular vein

A

formed near edge of mandible –> crosses over sternocephalicus –> dives deep to brachiocephalicus to contribute to formation of cranial vena cava

24
Q

location of external jugular vein in horses

A

in jugular groove between brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus

25
Q

superficial drainage of neck is via what lymph nodes

A

superficial cervical

26
Q

location of superficial cervical lymph nodes

A

deep to superficial neck muscles
cranial to shoulder

27
Q

deep drainage of neck is via what lymph nodes

A

deep cervical

28
Q

location of deep cervical lymph nodes (runs parallel to what vein?)

A

run along length of trachea
paralle to internal jugular vein

29
Q

size of superficial vs deep cervical lymph nodes

A

superficial are larger

30
Q

drainage of head and neck: right vs left side

A

left side: drainage joins thoracic duct
right side: drainage joins right lymphatic duct

31
Q

3 categories of nerves found in neck

A

cervical spinal nerves
cranial nerves
autonomic nerves

32
Q

what 3 cranial nerves pass through jugular foramen

A

CN IX/glossopharyngeal
CN X/vagus
CN XI/accessory

33
Q

cranial nerve that passes through hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII/hypoglossal

34
Q

2 major cervical spinal nerves

A

ansa cervicalis
C2 through C4/C5

35
Q

ansa cervicalis: definition, innervation provided to

A

loop of nerves (C1 and C2) from ventral ramus that joins with fibers carries by hypoglossal nerve
only motor innervation to caudal hyoid group
no sensory

36
Q

2 nerve branches from ventral ramus of C2

A

great auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve

37
Q

C2-C5 ventral rami nerves: location through what muscle, what kind of innervation is provided

A

go through omotransversarius
motor and sensory innervation to neck

38
Q

vagosympathetic trunk: type of nerves, definition, location

A

autonomic nerves
cervical sympathetic chain shares fascial cover with vagus nerve
located in carotid sheath

39
Q

2 groups of autonomic nerves in neck

A

vagosympathetic trunk
cranial cervical ganglion

40
Q

cranial cervical ganglion

A

sympathetic ganglion for most of head and neck
postganglionics distribute along cranial nerves and periarterial plexuses around both carotid arteries

41
Q

viscera of the neck (4)

A

salivary glands
pharynx
larynx
thyroid

42
Q

2 salivary glands in neck

A

parotid
mandibular

43
Q

thyroid gland: definition, location, blood supply

A

endocrine gland located along sides of proximal trachea
cranial and caudal thyroid arteries (from brachiocephalic) anastamose dorsal to thyroid

44
Q

cranial vs caudal thyroid vein drains to

A

cranial –> internal jugular
caudal –> internal jugular OR brachiocephalic

45
Q

2 parathyroid glands

A

cranial
caudal

46
Q

lobes of thyoid gland are associated with

A

cranial and caudal parathyroid glands

47
Q

caudal gland of parathyroid is embedded in

A

thyroid tissue

48
Q

thyroid isthmus: definition/function, presence in ruminants vs dogs

A

additional tissue that bridges the 2 lobes ventral to trachea
found in cattle, pigs, horses
variably present in dogs

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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