Lecture 21: Mammalian Brain Anatomy Flashcards
anatomical divisions of brain (embryonic)
forebrain = telencephalon, diecenephalon
midbrain = mesecephalon
hindbrain = metencephalon, myelencephalon
telencephalon =
cerebral hemispheres
forebrain
diencephalon
forebrain
thalamus, hypothalamus
mesecephalon =
midbrain
cerebral peduncles and tectum
metencephalon =
hindbrain
pons and cerebellum
myeloncephalon =
hindbrain
medulla
which brain division contains cranial nerve nuclei
brainstem= pons, medulla, cerebellum, midbrain
brainstem is a conduit of
functions between spinal cord and forebrain
sulcus =
indentations within gyri
longitudinal fissure: cerebrum
divides right and left sides of cortex (vertical down the middle)
transverse fissure: cerebrum
divides cerebrum from cerebellum
cruciate sulcus: cerebrum
contains motor cortex
cerebral lobes (5)
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
olfactory
cortex aka
gray matter
cortex definition
outer layer of cerebrum/cerebellum that contains CELL BODIES of neurons (why it’s gray matter)
how are functions distributed across cortex ( how are they named)
AREAS
primary visual area, auditory area
homunculi
model of sensorimotor specializations
represents the innervation of body regions in cortex proportional to biological relevance (how much info reaches that region)
human homunculus (which regions are largest)
tongue and fingers receive most sensorimotor info
what composes white matter
large bundles of myelinated axons deep to cortex
6 layers of cortex based on
layered densities of neurons
6 layers of cortex
I - Molecular
II - external granular
III - external pyramidal
IV - internal granular
V - internal pyramidal
VI - multiform
which cortex layer is a major input layer and why
IV = internal granular
smaller cells
which cortex layer is a major output layer and why
V - internal pyramidal
larger neurons/longer axons
primary sensory cortical areas will have what cortex layer larger
layer 4