Lecture 34: Oral Cavity Flashcards
2 spaces/divisions of mouth due to teeth
vestibule
oral cavity proper
vestibule: definition
space between lips/cheeks and teeth
lips and cheek contact the teeth
oral cavity proper: definition, what fills this space
space internal to teeth
filled by tongue
frenulum definition/location, function
midline mucosal fold that fixes central portion of tongue to floor of oral cavity
which regions of tongue are mobile vs immobile
rostral = very mobile
caudal portion = immobile
why is caudal tongue portion immobile (what is it attached to)
root of tongue attached to basihyoid bone
tongue attached to epiglottis
what attaches tongue to epiglottis
median glossoepiglottic fold (midline mucosal fold)
valleculae: how formed, location
median glossoepiglottic fold creates 2 small pockets on either side of midline
caudal tongue
dorsal surface of tongue is characterized by
presence of several different kinds of papillae
filiform papillae: definition, location, function
keratinized papillae on dorsal surface of tongue
protects tongue from sharp particles of food
are filiform papillae associated with taste buds
no
main types of papillae in tongue (4)
filiform
fungiform
foliate
vallate
vallate papillae: definition, location
largest papillae in tongue
restricted to line or area towards caudal end of dorsal surface of tongue
ventral vs dorsal surface of tongue
dorsal = keratinized, tougher
ventral = less keratinized, softer, more vulnerable
feline papillae difference (and why important)
keratinized filiform papillae larger and directed caudally
aid in grooming of fur
which papillae gives cat tongues the characteristic rough texture
keratinized filiform
lyssa definition/location, function
stiff connective tissue (collagenous) rod embedded in apex of tongue
help support freely mobile apex
2 groups of tongue muscles
intrinsic
extrinsic
intrinsic tongue muscles: function, innervation, location
dorsal and lateral parts of body
control shape and movements of tongue
hypoglossal nerve
extrinsic tongue muscles: general function, innervation
control position and gross movements
hypoglossal nerve
4 extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus
hypoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus
genioglossus: OINA
O - medial surface of mandible
I - midline ventral surface of tongue
A - depress tongue
N - hypoglossal
hypoglossus: OINA
O - basihyoid
I - lateral side of caudal portion of tongue
A - retract tongue (push back during swallowing)
N - hypoglossal
which extrinsic tongue muscle is not innervated by CN XII
palatoglossus
styloglossus: OINA
O - stylohyoid
I - lateral surface of tongue along most of teeth
N - hypoglossal
A - retract tongue
geniohyoid: OINA (and where does it run along)
O -intermandibular articulation
I - basihyoid
N - hypoglossal
A - draw hyoid apparatus and larynx rostrally = pull mandible down
*along floor of oral cavity on either side of base of tongue
does geniohyoid insert on tongue
no
which 2 extrinsic tongue muscles retract the tongue
hypoglossus
styloglossus
lingual artery branch of
external carotid
where does lingual artery branch from external carotid
where hypoglossal nerve crosses carotid
path of lingual artery
enters oral cavity on medial surface of hypoglossus
runs on latreal surface of genioglossus as it courses through tongue to apex
name change at apex of tongue –> deep lingual artery
lingual artery changes name to what and where
deep lingual
once reaching apex of tongue
what facilitates heat exchange on ventral surface of tongue (think: blood vessels)
anastamoses between deep lingual artery and vein in apex of tongue
what nerve supplies motor to all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (except for palatoglossus)
hypoglossal
path of hypoglossal nerve after crossing cranial neck
runs with lingual artery toward cranial cavity
enters oral cavity on lateral surface of hypoglossus muscle
supplies muscles
hypoglossal nerve vs lingual artery path
nerve = deep
artery = superficial
4 cranial nerves that contribute to sensory (general and special) innervation to tongue
lingual from V3 = general sensory to anterior 2/3
facial nerve via chorda tympani = taste to anterior 2/3
glossopharyngeal = general sensory and taste to posterior 1/3
vagus = general sensory and a little taste from tongue around epiglottis
4 regional groups of salivary glands
parotid
mandibular
sublingual
buccal
dorsal gland from buccal salivary gland is named what in dogs
zygomatic gland
parotid gland: location, covered in, drainage
around ear
dense thick fascial capsule
single parotid duct that crosses masseter –> drains to oral cavity on bucca surface
mandibular gland: location, drainage
caudal to mandible and sandwiched between maxillary and linguofacial veins
mandibular duct from medial surface of gland through floor of oral cavity to empty in rostral part of oral cavity
which gland is found in between maxillary and linguofacial veins
mandibular
which duct crosses masseter
parotid
2 type of sublingual glands
monostomatic
polystomatic
monostomatic sublingual gland: drainiage
single major sublingual duct that runs in parallel to mandibular duct
polystomatic sublingual gland: definition, drainage
collection of smaller more diffuse lobules of glandular tissue
numerous small ducts through mucosa on floor of oral cavity
which type of sublingual gland is absent in horses
monostomatic
where do both mandibular and sublingual ducts empty
into oral cavity at sublingual caruncle
sublingual caruncle: definition/location
small bump of tissue lateral to root of lingual frenulum
what nerve do mandibular and sublingual ducts cross dorsally
lingual
what type of innervation do salivary glands receive (2)
sympathetic
parasympathetic
sympathetic innervation to salivary glands: 2 patterns/ways
postganglionics from cervical spinal ganglion travel in periarterial plexuses (follow arteries) to target organs
postganglionics pass through parasympathetic ganglia without synapsing and go to target organs with parasympathetics
parasympathetics leave brain in 4 cranial nerves
vagus
oculomotor
facial
glossopharyngeal
vagus parasympathetics are for
thoracic and abdominal organs
oculomotor parasympathetics are for
intrinsic eye muscles
2 ganglia for facial parasympathetics
pterygopalatine
mandibular and sublingual
ganglion for glossopharyngeal parasympathetics
otic
glossopharyngeal parasympathetics are for
parotid and buccal/zygomatic salivary glands
facial parasympathetics are for
mandibular and sublingual salivary glands
where is otic ganglion found
next to CN V3
ventral to oval foramen
how do pre and postganglionic parasympathetics travel for glossopharyngeal nerve
preganglionics: through middle ear —> middle cranial fossa –> foramen ovale –> synapse on otic ganglion
postganglionics: hitchhike on auriculotemporal nerve and branches to reach parotid and zygomatic glands
location of mandibular and sublingual ganglia
next to lingual nerve as it enters oral cavity
how to pre and postganglionic parasympathetics travel for facial nerve (to salivary glands)
preganglionics: through ear to infratemporal fossa –> join lingual nerve –> hitchhike to mandibular and sublingual ganglia for synapse
postganglionics: pass directly to glands
