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Anatomy II > Lecture 12: Antebrachium and Carpus > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Antebrachium and Carpus Flashcards

1
Q

carpus vs manus

A

carpus = bones of wrist
manus = metacarpals and phalanges

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2
Q

why do many muscles of forearm move carpus and manus

A

cross wrist and insert on phalanges

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3
Q

3 bones of antebrachium

A

radius
ulna
carpals

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4
Q

5 joints of antebrachium

A

elbow
carpal
carpo metacarpal
metacarpophalangeal
interphalangeal

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5
Q

why is radius palpable through skin

A

medial aspect of antebrachium not covered by any msucles

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6
Q

what part of radius and ulna contribute to the wrist

A

distal epiphysis

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7
Q

what is special about equine ulna/radius

A

distal ulna fused to distal radius

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8
Q

cows often lack which carpal

A

1

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9
Q

proximal row of carpal bones from most medial to lateral

A

radial
intermediate
ulnar
accessory

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10
Q

what do radial and intermediate carpal bones do in dogs

A

fuse

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11
Q

what makes accessory carpal bone special

A

palpable
looks like an appendage

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12
Q

distal row of carpal bones from most medial to lateral

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

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13
Q

5th carpal bone: specialization

A

never separate
usually suppressed or fused with 4th carpal bone

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14
Q

2nd and 3rd carpal bones: ruminants

A

fused

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15
Q

carpal bones in cows

A

1st absent
2nd and 3rd fused

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16
Q

joints of the wrist: 5

A

distal radioulnar
antebrachiocarpal
midcarpal
carpometacarpal
intercarpal

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17
Q

which joints share a joint capsule: 2 capsules, 4 joints

A

distal radioulnar + antebrachiocarpal
midcarpal + carpometacarpal

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18
Q

ginglymus definition

A

hinge with some lateral movement

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19
Q

what kind of joint is wrist

A

ginglymus/hinge

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20
Q

which wrist joint is very mobile

A

antebrachiocarpal

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21
Q

which wrist joint allows some adduction/abduction

A

carpometacarpal

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22
Q

carpometacarpal joint in ruminants

A

no movement

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23
Q

function of medial and collateral ligaments of wrist

A

connect arm forearm to carpus

24
Q

3 ligaments in palmar carpus

A

deep palmar
superficial, transverse
distal ligaments of accessory bone

25
Q

deep palmar ligament

A

cover entire palmar surface of skeleton
hides unevenness of bones

26
Q

superficial transverse ligament aka

A

flexor retinaculum

27
Q

superficial transverse ligament

A

completes enclosure of carpal canal
conveys flexor tendons from antebrachium

28
Q

distal ligaments of accessory bone

A

joins accessory bone to adjacent carpal and metacarpals
prevents overextension but doesn’t interfere with flexion

29
Q

high rise injuries: cause, result

A

permanently pronated antebrachium causes valgus = outwardly angled elbow joint
too much load on capitulum = lateral condyle fracture
hyperextension of carpus = torn ligaments

30
Q

muscles that are developmentally dorsal end up

A

caudal in brachium
cranial in antebrachium

31
Q

muscles that are developmentally ventral end up

A

cranial in brachium
caudal in antebrachium

32
Q

compartments that radial nerve innervates

A

caudal and lateral arm
cranial and medial forearm

33
Q

craniolateral compartment of antebrachium: 8 muscles

A

brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis
extensor digitorum communis
extensor digitorum lateralis
ulnar lateralis = extensor carpi ulnaris
abductor digiti I longus
extensor digiti I and II
supinator

34
Q

craniolateral compartment of antebrachium: ONA

A

O - lateral epicondyle of humerus
N - radial nerve
A - extension and supination

35
Q

caudal compartment of antebrachium: 6 muscles

A

pronator teres
pronator quadratus
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus

36
Q

caudal compartment: ONA

A

O- medial epicondyle of humerus
median nerve
flexion and pronation

37
Q

flexor carpi radialis: innervation exception

A

ulnar nerve

38
Q

flexor digitorum profundus: innervation difference

A

median and ulnar nerves

39
Q

function of retinacula

A

pulleys to distribute muscle forces
direct where force goes
make tendon stay close to bone

40
Q

2 retinacula in manus/carpus

A

flexor retinaculum
extensor retinaculum

41
Q

abductor digiti I longus called what in horses (and why)

A

extensor carpi obliquus
no 1st digit

42
Q

extensor carpi obliquus: definition, insertion

A

abductor digit I longus of dog
inserts on medial split bone

43
Q

muscles innervated by radial nerve (general)

A

carpal and digital extensors
ulnaris lateralis

44
Q

muscles innervated by median nerve (general)

A

flexor muscles of carpus and digit

45
Q

path of median nerve in forearm

A

down medial surface of arm caudal to axillary and brachial
enters forearm over medial collateral ligament of elbow
passes deep to flexor carpi radialis and remains deep until reaching the carpus

46
Q

muscles innervated by ulnar nerve (2)

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
part of flexor digitorum profundus

47
Q

path of ulnar nerve in forearm

A

down brachium beside/united with median nerve
splits off by olecranon to cross caudal elbow
branches
narrows as it continues
divides close to accessory carpal bone

48
Q

brachial artery travels with what nerve

A

median

49
Q

ulnar artery travels with what nerve

A

ulnar nerve

50
Q

radial artery travels with what nerve

A

radial

51
Q

most popular vein choice for IV injections

A

cephalic vein

52
Q

cephalic vein: definition, features, location

A

follows cranial forearm
lies on extensor carpi radialis
palpable when raised
connected to deep veins at elbow via median cubital vein

53
Q

where should you compress cephalic for IV injections

A

distal to anastamosis (between cephalic and median cubital veins)

54
Q

carpal tunnel

A

tendons of digital flexors and median nerve
deep to flexor retinaculum
constrained by carpal bones

55
Q

which nerve is compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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