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Anatomy II > Lecture 25: Eye and Orbit I > Flashcards

Lecture 25: Eye and Orbit I Flashcards

1
Q

3 tunics of the eye

A

Fibrous
Vascular
Neural

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2
Q

Fibrous tunic: 2 components, location

A

Sclera and cornea
Outermost layer

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3
Q

vascular tunic: position, components

A

2nd layer
Vascularized
Composed of choroid, ciliary body and iris

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4
Q

Layers of cornea from superficial to deep (5)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (can regenerate)
Bowman’s membrane
Collage fibers
Descemet’s (acellular)
Stratified cuboidal epithelium (impermeable)

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5
Q

What happens to collagen fibers in cornea as they mature

A

Become crystalline
Clear for light to pass through

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6
Q

Layers of sclera from superficial to deep (4)

A

Stratified squamous conjunctival epithelium
Episclera with blood vessels
Stroma with thick collagen
Suprachoroid lamina with melanocytes

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7
Q

3 components of vascular tunic

A

Ciliary body
Choroid layer
Iris

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8
Q

Ciliary body

A

Contains ciliary muscle
Changes lens shape for accommodation/focus

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9
Q

Ciliary muscle is under what kind of control

A

Parasympathetic

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10
Q

Choroid layer contains

A

Blood vessels

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11
Q

Anterior layer of iris contains what muscle

A

Constrictor pupillae

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12
Q

Constrictor papillae is under what kind of control

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Oral Serrata definition

A

Junction between retina and ciliary body

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14
Q

Components of neural tunic

A

Orra serrata
Optic retina
Dilator pupillae

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15
Q

Dilator pupillae under what kind of control

A

Sympathetic

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16
Q

Canal of schlemme function

A

Drains aqueous humor from anterior/prelental chamber to venous system

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17
Q

2 regions of lens

A

Prelental
Retrolental

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18
Q

Which region of lens is filled with aqueous humor

A

Prelental

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19
Q

Retrolental region of iris is filled with

A

Vitreous body = gel

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20
Q

Light pathway

A

Cornea —> aqueous humor —> iris —> lens —> vitreous body —> retina

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21
Q

2 types of photoreceptors

A

Rods
Cones

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22
Q

Rods

A

Very sensitive
Vision in light of low intensity predominate
Only 1 type of pigment

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23
Q

Cones: definition

A

Visual acuity and color vision
2 types

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24
Q

2 types of cones

A

Short and medium wavelength sensitivities (blue vs green)

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25
Q

Major of neural tunic is what structure

A

Retina

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26
Q

Retina contains (3)

A

Photosensitive rods
Cones
Specialized neurons

27
Q

3 layers of specialized neurons in retina

A

Plexiform = synaptic contacts
Nuclear = neuronal cell bodies (nuclei)
Ganglion cell layer = axons leave eye as optic nerve

28
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A

Part of choroid
Reflects photons back to retina to give retina another chance for photoreceptors to capture photons

29
Q

Optic disk is the exit of

A

Optic nerve

30
Q

Effect of increased intracranial pressure on optic nerve

A

Squeezes optic nerve
Prevents normal blood flow through central retinal vessels
Choked disk

31
Q

Effect of constricting lens on light

A

Reduces light entering eye

32
Q

Effect of changing shape of lens

A

Increases or reduces refraction of light for focusing

33
Q

How does lens change shape during focus and accommodation

A

Constriction
Dilation
Change shape

34
Q

What 4 structures allow lens to focus/accommodate

A

Ciliary muscle fibers
Dilator papillae
Constrictor papillae
Zonular fibers/suspensory ligaments

35
Q

Zonular fibers functions (2)

A

Attach lens capsule to ciliary body
Can pull equator of eye to make eye more flat

36
Q

Benefit of rounder lens

A

Focus on nearer object

37
Q

Benefit of flatter lens

A

Focus on more distant objects

38
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of ciliary muscle

A

Contraction

39
Q

Relationship of ciliary muscle and Zonular fibers

A

When ciliary muscle is contracted, Zonular fibers relax

40
Q

When object is far away: effect on ciliary muscle, Zonular fibers, lens shape

A

Ciliary muscle relaxed
Zonular fibers under tension
Lens stretched thin to refract light for distant vision

41
Q

When object is nearby: effect on ciliary muscle, zonular fibers, lens shape

A

Ciliary muscle contracted
Zonular fibers relax
Lens more spherical/thicker to refract light for near vision
**parasympathetic stimulation

42
Q

2 muscles that control pupil diameter

A

Dilator papillae
Constrictor pupillary

43
Q

Lateral wall of orbit formed by what muscle

A

Temporalis

44
Q

Orbital septum

A

Connective tissue sheet around eyelids
Goes to wall of orbit

45
Q

Tarsus: eyelid

A

Fibrous structure for rigidity

46
Q

What is embedded in tarsal plates of eyelid

A

Tarsal/meibomian glands

47
Q

Tarsal/meibomian glands: location, definition, functions

A

In tarsal plate
Modified sebaceous glands that secrete oily substance
Increases viscosity of tears, decreases tear evaporation from surface of eye

48
Q

What nerve controls eyelid

A

Facial nerve

49
Q

Chalazion

A

Inflammation/blockage of meibomian glands

50
Q

Meibomian gland tumors

A

Growth of meibomian gland can disrupt normal irrigation of cornea
Gland still produces substance despite blockage

51
Q

What 2 structures form conjunctival sac when eye is closed

A

Bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva

52
Q

Inner eyelids and eye covered in __________

A

Conjunctiva

53
Q

conjunctiva epithelial type

A

Non keratinized stratified squamous
WITH GOBLET CELLS

54
Q

Bulbar vs palpebral conjunctiva

A

Bulbar = surface, eyes closed
Palpebral = eye opened

55
Q

Conjunctivitis often affects which conjunctiva

56
Q

Function of commissures and canthi

A

Anchor eyelids
Meetings sites of upper and lower eyelids

57
Q

2 types of commissaries and canthi

A

Lateral and medial

58
Q

Nictitating membrane aka

A

Third eyelid

59
Q

Nictitiating membrane/3rd eyelid: location, function

A

Deep to upper and lower eyelids
Protection and moisten

60
Q

2 holes in medial commissary

A

Superior and inferior punctum

61
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris; function, nerve

A

Elevate eyelid
CNIII

62
Q

Orbicularis oculi: function, nerve

A

Close eyelid
CN VII

63
Q

Where does nasolacrimal gland drain to

A

Nasal cavity

64
Q

Tear film: 2 components

A

Glycoprotein = produced by goblet cells of conjunctiva
Oil superficial layer = produced by tarsal glands

Anatomy II (36 decks)

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