Lecture 13: Carnivoran Manus and Forepaw Flashcards
main axis of manus passes through which digit: dog vs horse vs cow
3rd
3rd
between 3rd and 4th
unguicular process
most distal portion of phalange
what ungulates stand on
covered in claws in other animals
foot pads and claws are adaptations of
integument
3 foot pads
carpal
metacarpal
digital
digital pad in dogs: features
thick
epidermis highly keratinized
dermal papilla project into epidermis
digital pad in dogs: features
thick
epidermis highly keratinized
dermal papilla project into epidermis
digital pads in cats: features
thin
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
dermis and hypodermis
adipose tissue
long tendons of digital flexors travel within
synovial sheath
function of annular ligaments in manus
protect sheath
prevent tendons from bowing when forepaw is flexed (maximize movement)
4 interosseus muscles: definition, location, functions
numbered 1,2,3,4
from metacarpal to base of proximal phalanx
deep to flexor digitorum profundus
flex metacarpal phalangeal joint + maintain joint angle when dog bears weight on paw
the muscles that move digit 1 are innervated by what nerve
median nerve
muscles of digit 5 and interosseus muscles are innervated by
ulnar nerve
ligaments of manus
collateral ligaments at every joint (PIP, MCP, DIP)
dorsal elastic ligament
lateral sesamoidean ligament
dorsal elastic ligament function
keep claws elevated to prevent claws getting caught in stuff
protracting claws due to contraction of
flexor digitorum profundus
dorsal elastic ligaments in dogs vs cats
dogs: same length
cats: different lengths
2 types of dorsal elastic ligaments
medial
lateral
medial vs lateral dorsal elastic ligaments: cats
medial = longer
how is the distal phalanx oriented in relation to middle phalanx: cats
obliquely/sideways
what traits allow cat to retract claws
different lengths of dorsal elastic ligaments
distal phalanx oriented sideways
2 phalanges of 1st digit
proximal
distal
onychectomy: definition, process
declawing –> amputation of distal phalanx and claw
remove nail bed, remove distal phalanx, disarticulate distal interphalangeal joint
blood supply of manus: superficial and deep
radial and ulnar arteries anastamose to form superficial and deep palmar arches
majority of paw gets cutaneous innervation from
median nerve
