Lecture 22: Face Parotid Guttural Pouch Flashcards
Muscles of facial expression innervated by what nerve
Can VII = facial
What are the 9 muscles of facial of expression
Sphincter Coli superficialis
Platysma
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Caninus
Lavator labii superioris
Levator nasolabialis
Parotidoauricularis
Buccinator
Orbicularis oris: function s (2)
Purses lips
Closes mouth
Orbicularis oculi function
Close eye
Levator nasolabialis functions (2)
Dilate nostril
Elevate and retract Rostral portion of lip
Levator labii superioris function
Elevate middle of upper lip
Caninus functions (2)
Dilate nostril
Elevates corner of mouth = snarling
buccinator function
Work with tongue to keep food on teeth
Parotidauricularis clinical relevance
Often damaged during surgeries draining external ear
3 layers of lips and cheek (outermost to innermost)
Skin
Muscle and connective tissue
Mucosa
Only significant distinction between lips and cheeks
Presence of oral orifice
Is masseter a muscle of facial expression
No
Masseter is a muscle of
Mastication
What determines relative size of cheeks and lips
Typical mouth function
Larger lips = open mouth wide
Parotid gland drains via
Long parotid duct
What muscle does parotid gland cross in carnivores
Masseter
Parotid duct path in larger animals
Deep to mandible —> crosses onto face with facial artery
Portion of facial nerve that innervates muscles of facial expression emerge from what foramen
Stylomastoid
Immediate course of facial nerve are embedded in what structure
Parotid gland
Branches of facial nerve (2)
Auriculopalpebral
Dorsal and ventral buccal
Auriculopalpebral nerve: branch of what nerve, path in face
From facial nerve
Crosses zygomatic arch to reach Rostral muscles of ear and muscles that close eyelids
Which of the facial nerve branches is often blocked for ophthalmic exams
Auriculopalpebral
Dorsal and ventral buccal nerves: branches of what nerve, innervates what muscles, path
Facial nerve
Goes to muscles of cheeks, lips and nostrils
Cross masseter
Where does the external carotid artery divide into 2 terminal branches
Within parotid gland
2 terminal branches of external carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Blood supply to face is shared by (3)
External carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Facial artery: parent artery, path, supplies what 2 structures
External carotid
Deep to mandible before emerging on face
To cheeks and lips
2 branches of maxillary artery
Infraorbital
Mental
Mental artery (branch of maxillary) emerges from what foramen
Mental
Transverse facial artery: parent artery
Superficial temporal artery –> external carotid
Which artery crosses onto face from deep side of mandible at the BORDER of masseter’s insertion
Facial artery
Which artery crosses the SUPERFICIAL surface of Masseter just ventral to zygomatic arch
Transverse facial artery
Deep facial veins has connection to what superficial vein
Maxillary vein
3 possible venous connections that are potential infection pathways from surface of cranial cavity
Deep facial vein
Buccal veins
Anastamoses with ophthalmic veins
Functions of deep facial vein/buccal veins/Anastamoses with ophthalmic veins
Regulate blood temperature in brain
Blood flow away from head in grazers
Linguofacial vein formed by union of
Facial and lingual veins
Which vein is the primary drainage for many of deeper head and neck regions
Maxillary
What 2 veins form the external jugular vein
Maxillary
Linguofacial
Sensory innervation of the face is shared by
All 3 divisions of trigeminal (V1, V2 and V3)
V1/ophthalmic nerve: sensory innervation to face (3)
Orbit
Forehead
Parts of dorsal nose
V2/maxillary nerve: sensory innervation to face (3)
Nose
Upper cheek
Lateral head cranial to ear
CN V3/mandibular: sensory innervation to face (5)
Mandible
Lower cheek
Chin
Temporal region
Ear
2 branches of V1/ophthalmic nerve
Frontal
Infratrochlear
Frontal nerve: parent nerve, 2 branches, sensory supply to
V1/ophthalmic
Supraorbital and supratrochlear branches
Upper eyelid and caudodorsal nose
Infratrochlear nerve: parent nerve, sensory supply to
V1/ophthalmic
Small area of nose medial to orbit
2 branches of V2/maxillary nerve
Infraorbital
Zygomatic
Infraorbital nerve: parent nerve, path/emerges from what hole, sensory supply to
Maxillary/V2
Emerges from Infraorbital foramen
Nose, upper lip, lower eyelid, upper cheek
Zygomatic nerve: parent nerve, sensory supply to
Maxillary/V2
Skin of lateral face cranial to ear
Which branch of V2/maxillary is the primary sensory nerve to HORNS in cattle
Zygomatic
2 branches of V3/mandibular
Mental
Buccal
Mental nerve: parent nerve,emerges from what hold, sensory supply to
Mandibular/V3
Mental foramina
Skin of Rostral mandible
Buccal branch of mandibular/V3 supplies
Sensory to cheek
Guttural pouch is specific to what species
Horses
Guttural pouch: definition, importance
Large blind pouch on caudolateral side of face coming from auditory tube
Contacts many important structures (cranial nerves, vessels)
5 structures in contact with guttural pouch
Stylohyoid bone
External carotid artery
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagosympathetic trunk
Hypoglossal nerve
What happens if drainage of guttural pouch is blocked (3 clinical complications)
Fracture of stylohyoid and difficulty moving tongue
Lesion of vagus/glossopharyngeal = difficulty swallowing
Lesion of sympathetic chain = sympathetic deficits like Horner syndrome e
