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Anat > Lecture 8: Appendicular Musculature > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Appendicular Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of nerves are the appendicular musculature innervated by?

A

Spinal nerves

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2
Q

What organization do Appendicular nerves go through?

A

They form Plexuses

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3
Q

Which nerve plexus serves the upper limbs?

A

Brachial Plexus

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4
Q

Which Nerve Plexus serves the lower limbs?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

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5
Q

Which appendicular nerve is the only nerve not innervated Spinal nerve?

A

The trapezius

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6
Q

What do the Anterior components of appendicular muscular do?

A

Help with flexion

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7
Q

What do the Posterior component of muscles help with?

A

Extension

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8
Q

What is each compartment associated with?

A

One nerve

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9
Q

What are the two Girdles?

A
  • Pectoral

* Pelvic

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10
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of Appendicular Musculature?

A
  • Innervation by spinal nerves
  • Attachments on axial and appendicular skeleton
  • Movement through muscle contraction
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11
Q

What innervates the upper limbs?

A

The Brachial Plexus

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12
Q

What kind of nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

Cranial nerve

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13
Q

What are the 4 major muscle groups of the Upper limbs?

A
  • Shoulder (Pectoral girdle)
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand
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14
Q

What is interesting about the Scalpua?

A

It is a free floating bone and is able to move separately from the arm

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15
Q

What are the major characteristics of the Upper Limb Musculature?

A
  • Innervated by the brachial plexus

* Four major muscle groups

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16
Q

What are the major functions of upper limb musculature?

A
  • Mobility

* Reaching, throwing, grasping, manipulating

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17
Q

Where does the Scapula lie?

A

Flat on the Thoracic cage

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18
Q

What is the movement of the Scapula when you go to hug someone?

A

Protraction

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19
Q

What is the movement of the Scapula when you bring it closer to the spinal column?

A

Retraction

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20
Q

Why is the arm able to go even higher?

A

The scapula rotates and and allows the clavicle and the chromium to rotate

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21
Q

What is needed to rotate the arm all the way up?

A

Rotation of the Scapula

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22
Q

What movement allows us to Shrug?

A

Elevation of the Scalpula

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23
Q

What are the 4 muscles that move the Pectoral Girdle?

A

Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboids
Serratus Anterior

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24
Q

Where does the Trapezius attach?

A

Occipital and spinous processes to clavicle and scapular spine

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25
Q

What is the organization of the Trapezius muscles and how do the movements work?

A

It has fibers that are going up, horizontal and down. Depending on which fibre is contracting it creates different movement

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26
Q

What occurs when the upper muscles of the Trapezius contract?

A

The scapula is elevated

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27
Q

What occurs when the lowers muscle of the Trapezius contract?

A

The scapula is depressed

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28
Q

What occurs when the horizontal muscles of the Trapezius contract?

A

The scapula is Retracted

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29
Q

What three movements can the Trapezius produce?

A

Elevation, Retraction and Depression of the Scapula

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30
Q

What 4 muscles move the Pectoral Girdle?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Rhomboids
  • Serratus Anterior
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31
Q

What is the function of the Levator Scapulae?

A

Elevates the Scapula

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32
Q

Where does the Levator Scapulae attch?

A

Transverse process to superior vertebral border of the Scapula

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33
Q

Which pairs muscles of the pectoral girdle serve the same function?

A
  • Levator Scapulae and upper muscles of the Trapezius

* Rhomboids and horizontal muscles of the Trapezius

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34
Q

Where do Rhomboids attach?

A

Spinous processes to vertebral border of scapula

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35
Q

What is the function of the Rhomboids?

A

Retract the Scapula

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36
Q

Where does the Serratus anterior attache?

A

Ribs to vertebral border of scapula (anterior surface)

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37
Q

What is the function of the Serratus anterior?

A

Protraction of scapula

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38
Q

What is needed for full abduction of the arm?

A

The glenoid cavity attached to the scapula must go up

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39
Q

What muscles are needed for the full abduction of the arm and what occurs?

A

Scapula goes up
•Lower Trapezius
•Upper Trapezius
•Serratus anterior

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40
Q

What are the function of the Pectoralis minor?

A
  • Depresses and protracts the scapula

* Elevates ribs

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41
Q

Where does the Pectoralis minor attach?

A

Coracoid process to ribs

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42
Q

What muscles are used for adduction of the arm and what happens?

A

The scapula rotates downward
•Levator scapulae
•Rhomboids
•Pectoralis minor

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43
Q

What muscles move the arm at the shoulder?

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Deltoidus
  • Subscapularis
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
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44
Q

Where does the Pectoralis Major attach?

A

Ribs/Sternum, clavicle, lateral side of the intertubercular sulcus

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45
Q

What is the function of the Pectoralis Major?

A

Arm abductor

Flexor and medial rotator

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46
Q

Where does the Deltoidus connect?

A

Clavicle and scapular spine to deltoid tuberosity?

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47
Q

What is the function of the Anterior part Deltoidus?

A
  • Major arm abductor

* Arm flexion and medial rotator

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48
Q

What is the major arm abductor?

A

Deltoideus

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49
Q

What is the only thin the Deltoideus can’t do?

A

Adduct

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50
Q

What is the function of the Subscapularis?

A

Medial arm rotator

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51
Q

Where does the Subscapularis attach?

A

Fossa to the lesser tubercle

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52
Q

What are the major functions of the posterior part of the Deltoideus?

A
  • Arm abductor

* Arm Extensor and Lateral Rotator

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53
Q

Where does the Latissimus dorsi attach?

A

•Spinous processes, ribs, iliac crest to intertubercular sulcus

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54
Q

What is the function of the Latissimus Dorsi?

A
  • Arm retraction

* Arm extensor and adductor and medial rotator

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55
Q

What is the function of the Teres Major?

A

•Arm extensor and medial rotator

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56
Q

What does the Teres Major assist?

A

The Latissimus Dorsi

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57
Q

Where does the Latissimus dorsi attach?

A

Inferior angle of the scapular to medial side of intertubercular sulcus

58
Q

Where does the Supraspinatus attach?

A

Supraspinous fossa to greater tubercle

59
Q

What is the function of the Supraspinatus?

A

Arm abductor (assists the deltoid)

60
Q

Which muscle assists the Deltoid?

A

The supraspinatus

61
Q

How does the Supraspinatus assist the deltoid?

A

It does the first 15º of abduction of the arm

62
Q

What is the function of the Infraspinatus?

A

Lateral Arm Rotator

63
Q

What is the function of the Teres Minor?

A

Lateral arm rotator

64
Q

Where does the Infraspinatus attach?

A

Infraspinous fossa to greater tubercle

65
Q

Where does the Teres minor attach?

A

Axillary border to greater tubercle

66
Q

What are the rotator Cuff muscles?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
67
Q

What is the function of the Rotator cuff muscles?

A

•Tendons reinforce the shoulder joint capsule and hold the humeral head against the glenoid fossa which prevents dislocation of shoulder joint

68
Q

What are the Anterior muscles moving the Forearm at the elbow joint?

A
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
  • Biceps brachii
69
Q

What is the function of the Anterior muscles moving the forearm at the elbow joints?

A

Flex the arm at the elbow joint

70
Q

Where does the Biceps Brachii attach?

A

Scapula above glenoid cavity and coracoid process to Radial tuberosity

71
Q

What is the function of the Bieps Brachii?

A
  • Powerful forearm supinator

* Forearm flexor

72
Q

When are the Biceps Brachii especially strong?

A

When the arm is supinated

73
Q

What is the Strongest Supinator?

A

The Biceps Brachii

74
Q

Where does the Brachialis connect?

A

Humeral shaft to coronoid process of ulna

75
Q

What is the function of the Brachialis?

A

It is a powerful forearm flexor

76
Q

When is the Brachialis strongest?

A

When the arm is pronated

77
Q

Where does the Brachioradialis connect?

A

Above the lateral epicondyle to styloid process of the radius

78
Q

What is the function of the Brachioradialis?

A

It is the forearm flexor when half pronated

79
Q

What are the Posterior Muscles moving the arm at the Elbow joint?

A

Triceps Brachii

80
Q

What is the function of the Triceps Brachii?

A

It is a forearm extensor and assists in arm extension

81
Q

Where does the Triceps Brachii attach?

A

Under glenoid cavity, superiorW shaft of humerus, inferior shaft of humerus to olecranon process

82
Q

What are the Anterior muscles moving the Wrist joint (superficial)?

A
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
83
Q

What is the common function of Anterior muscles that move the hand at the frist joint?

A

Flexion

84
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

A

Hand flexor and abductor

85
Q

What is the function of the Palmaris Longus?

A

Weak hand flexor (not always present)

86
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Hand flexor and adductor

87
Q

Which muscle is not always present?

A

The Palmaris longus

88
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Retinaculum?

A

Strong fibrous band forming roof of carpal tunnel

89
Q

What are the Anterior muscles moving the digits (intermediate layer)?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

90
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Finger flexor

91
Q

What are the Anterior muscles moving the digits (deep layer)?

A
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)

* Flexor Digitorum profundus

92
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Pollicis Longus (FLP)?

A

Thumb (pollex) flexor

93
Q

What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum profundus (FDP)?

A

Finger Flexor

94
Q

Where does the FPL attach?

A

Radial shaft to distal phalanx of digit 1

95
Q

Where does the FDP attach?

A

Ulnar shaft to distal phalanges of digits 2-5

96
Q

What occurs in Carpal Tunnel syndrome?

A

Repetitive motion of the flexor tendons can irritate their sheath coverings, leading to swelling and compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel

97
Q

What are the Posterior muscles moving the hand at the joint?

A
  • Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

* Extensor carpi ulnaris

98
Q

What is the function of the Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

Hand extensor and abductor

99
Q

What is the function of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Hand extensor and adductor

100
Q

What are the Posterior muscles moving the digits?

A
  • Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi (5th digit)

* Extensors (longus and brevis) and abductor pollicis (for thumb)

101
Q

What is the function of the Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi (5th digit)

A

Finger extensors (digits 2,3,4,5)

102
Q

What is the function of Extensors (longus and brevis) and Abductor Pollicis

A

Thumb extensor and abductor

103
Q

What does the Supinator wrap around?

A

It wraps around the Radius

104
Q

What is the function of the Supinator?

A

It supinates the wrist

105
Q

Which muscle protonate the wrist?

A

Pronator teres and Pronator quadratus

106
Q

How do the Pronators work?

A

They bring the radius over the ulna

107
Q

Which muscles Supinate the wrist?

A

Supinator and Biceps brachii

108
Q

What are muscles associated with the Thumb called?

A

Thenar muscles

109
Q

What are muscles associated with the pinky called?

A

Hypothenar muscles

110
Q

What is the function of the Thenar and Hypothenar muscles?

A

Opposition of the fingers

111
Q

What is the function of Palmar interossei muscles?

A

Finger adductors of digits 2,4 and 5

112
Q

What is the function of the 4 Lumbricals?

A

Flexor of metacarpophalangeal joints but extensor for interphalangeal joints (digits 2,3,4,5)

113
Q

What are the Hypothenar muscles?

A
  • Flexor digiti minimi
  • Opponens digiti minimi
  • Abductor digiti minimi
114
Q

What are the Thenar muscles?

A
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Opponens pollicis
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
115
Q

What is the function of the 4 Dorsal Interossei?

A

They abduct the fingers (digits 2,3, and 4)

116
Q

What is the difference in function between long and short muscles?

A

Long muscles help with forceful contractions

117
Q

What are the lower limbs innervated by?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

118
Q

What are the four major muscle groups?

A
  • Hip
  • Thigh
  • Leg
  • Foot
119
Q

What are lower limbs designed for?

A
  • Stability

* Locomotion, posture, and balance

120
Q

What are the muscles moving the thigh at the hip joint?

A
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus maximus
121
Q

What is the function of the Gluteus Minimus?

A

Thigh abductor to medial rotator

122
Q

What is the function of the Gluteus Medius?

A

Thigh abductor and medial rotator

123
Q

What is the function of the Gluteus maximus?

A

Thigh (hyper) extensor and lateral rotator

124
Q

Where does the Gluteus minimus attach?

A

Ilium to greater trochanter

125
Q

Where does the Gluteus medius attach?

A

Iliac crest to greater trochanter

126
Q

Where does the Gluteus maximus attach?

A

Iliac crest and sacrum to gluteal tuberosity

127
Q

What is the function of the lesser gluteal muscles?

A

Keeps the pelvis from tilting down on its unsupported side

128
Q

What muscles move the thigh at the hip joint?

A
  • Iliopsoas

* Adductor muscle group

129
Q

Which muscles are included in the Iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus and Psoas major

130
Q

What muscles are included in the Adductor muscle group?

A
  • Magnus
  • Longus
  • Brevis
131
Q

What is the function of the Iliopsoas?

A

Thigh flexor

132
Q

What is the functions of the Adductor muscle group?

A

Thigh adductor, flexor and medial rotator

133
Q

Which muscles move the leg at the knee joint?

A
  • Quadriceps femoris

* Sartorius

134
Q

Which muscles are included in the Quadriceps femoris?

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Intermedius medialis
135
Q

What is the function of the Quadriceps femoris?

A
  • Leg extensor

* Thigh flexor (rectus femoris)

136
Q

What is the function of the Sartorius?

A
  • Thigh and leg flexion

* Abduction and lateral rotation

137
Q

Where does Quadricep femoris attach to?

A

ASIS and femoral shaft to tibial tuberosity via patella

138
Q

Where does the Sartorius connect?

A

ASIS to medial side of tibial tuberosity

139
Q

Which muscles move the leg at the Knee joint?

A
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Biceps femoris
140
Q

What are the leg flexors and thigh extensors at the hip joint?

A
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Biceps femoris

Anat (26 decks)

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