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Anat > Lecture 14: Heart and Great Vessels > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pump of the cardiovascular system?

A

The heart

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2
Q

What are the Conducting vessels of the cardiovascular system?

A

Arteries and veins

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3
Q

What are the sites for exchange with tissues in the Cardiovascular system?

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

Where is Drainage for excess tissue fluids in the Cardiovascular system?

A

Lymphatic vessels

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5
Q

What are the functions of the Cardiovascular system?

A
  • Maintain homeostasis
  • Transport
  • Regulation of body temperature
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6
Q

What does the Cardiovascular system transport?

A
  • Metabolites and wastes
  • Hormones and signaling molecules
  • dissolved gasses
  • Cells involved in immune and inflammatory responses
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7
Q

What are the 2 Circuits in the Cardiovascular System?

A
  • Pulmonary circuit to the lungs

* Systemic circuit to the rest of the body

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8
Q

Where does the heart reside?

A

In the Mediastinum

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9
Q

What is the Mediastinum?

A

A central region of the thorax within rib cage and bounded on the left and right by the lungs

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10
Q

Aside from the heart, what else does the Mediastinum contain?

A
  • Esophagus
  • Trachea
  • Thymus gland
  • Large blood vessels
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11
Q

What is the Sac that the heart sits in?

A

The Pericardium

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12
Q

What are the two layers of the Pericardium?

A

The outer Fibrous Pericardium and the inner Parietal Pericardium

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart from outside to inside?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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14
Q

What does Parietal Pericardium secrete?

A

Serous fluid that lubricates the surface between the heart the and pericardial sac

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15
Q

What kind of tissue is the Parietal Pericardium?

A

Mesothelium: Simple Squamous Epithelium

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16
Q

What is the Epicardium identical to?

A

The Parietal (serous) epithelium of the Pericardium

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17
Q

What is the Largest Layer of the heart tissue?

A

The Myocardium

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18
Q

Describe the surface of the Endocardium?

A

Nice and smooth

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19
Q

Where is the Apex of the heart?

A

At the bottom

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20
Q

Where is the Base of the heart?

A

Kind of near the top

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21
Q

Which side of the heart (Front/Back) is the the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

The front of the heart

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22
Q

What do the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava do?

A

Bring deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium

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23
Q

What does the Coronary Sinus do?

A

Brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right atrium

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24
Q

Which vessels lead into the Right Atrium?

A
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Coronary Sinus
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25
Q

What is the function of the Atrial Appendage?

A

An extra source of expansion in the right atrium and help with contraction of the atrium

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26
Q

Which valve does blood go through from the Right Atrium?

A

Deoxygenated blood goes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

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27
Q

How many flaps does the Tricuspid valve have?

A

3

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28
Q

What are the flaps of the tricuspid valve connected to?

A

Tendinous cords called the Chordae Tendineae

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29
Q

What are the Chordae Tendineae attached to?

A

The tricuspid valve on one end and papillary muscle on the other end

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30
Q

What is the purpose of the Tricuspid valve?

A

Stop blood from flowing backwards into the Atrium

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31
Q

How does the Tricuspid valve of the between the Right atrium and Right Ventricle work?

A

When blood enters the right ventricle, it pushes the valve closed from the ventricle side and the papillary muscles pull it so that the valve doesn’t invert

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32
Q

Why are the Ventricles more muscular than the Atrium?

A

Because they are pumping blood further

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33
Q

Where does blood go from the Right Ventricle?

A

The pulmonary trunk

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34
Q

Which valve does blood have to pass through to get to the Pulmonary Trunk?

A

The Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

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35
Q

What does the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Separate?

A

The Right ventricle and the Pulmonary Trunk

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36
Q

How many flaps does the Pulmonary Semilunar valve that separate the right ventricle and the Pulmonary trunk have?

A

3

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37
Q

What are the Pulmonary Sinuses?

A

The spaces inside the the Pulmonary Semilunar valve that blood falls back into

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38
Q

How does the Pulmonary Semilunar valve work?

A

It stops the backflow of blood into the right ventricle by filling the pulmonary sinuses with blood in order to close the valve

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39
Q

Where does the Pulmonary Trunk come from?

A

The right ventricle

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40
Q

What does the Pulmonary Trunk divide into?

A

The Right Pulmonary Artery and the Left Pulmonary Artery

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41
Q

Where do the Right and Left Pulmonary Artery go to?

A

The right and left lungs

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42
Q

What do the Right and Left Pulmonary Artery do?

A

Send deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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43
Q

What is the exception to the Artery and Vein rule?

A
  • The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart
  • The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart
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44
Q

How many Pulmonary veins are there?

A

2 on each side so 4. 2 Left pulmonary veins and 2 right pulmonary veins

45
Q

Where do the Pulmonary veins lead to?

A

The left atrium

46
Q

What do the Pulmonary veins carry?

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs

47
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

Receive oxygenated blood and send it out to the system

48
Q

What valve does blood going from the Left Atrium to the Left ventricle have to go through?

A

The Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

49
Q

What does the Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve separate?

A

The Left Ventricle and the Left Atrium

50
Q

What is the function of the Mitral (bicuspid) valve?

A

Prevent backflow into the Left atrium

51
Q

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?

A

The Left Ventricle

52
Q

What kind of Valve is the Aortic Valve?

A

A semilunar valve

53
Q

What does the Aortic valve separate?

A

The Left Ventricle and the Aorta

54
Q

How many cusps does the Aortic Valve have?

A

3 Cusps

55
Q

What is Atherosclerosis?

A

Lesions on the valves that prevent them from functioning properly

56
Q

What special feature do the Aortic valve have that the Pulmonary Valve does not have?

A

Opening to the left and right coronary arteries

57
Q

How many Cusps does the Aortic Semilunar valve have?

A

3

58
Q

What do the two holes in the cusps of the Semilunar Valve lead to?

A

The left and right Coronary Arteries

59
Q

What do the Left and Right Coronary Arteries allow for?

A

Oxygenated blood to feed the heart

60
Q

What does the Tricuspid Valve separate?

A

The right atrium and the right ventricle

61
Q

What does the Bicuspid (mitral) valve separate?

A

The Left Atrium and the Left Ventricle

62
Q

What does the Pulmonary Valve Separate?

A

The right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

63
Q

What does the Aortic Valve Separate?

A

The Left ventricle and the Aorta

64
Q

What are the valves of the heart like when the heart contracts?

A

The atrioventricular valves are closed (Bicuspid and Tricuspid) and the Semilunar Valves (Pulmonary and Aortic) valves are open

65
Q

What are the Semilunar Valves and when are they open?

A

The Pulmonary and Aortic valves and they are open when the heart contracts

66
Q

What are the Atrioventricular valves and when are the open?

A

Tricuspid and Bicuspid (mitral); When the heart is not contracting

67
Q

What are the Atrioventricular valves and when are the open?

A

The Tricuspid and the Bicuspid (mitral) valves and when the heart is not contracting

68
Q

What is the function of the Coronary Blood Vessels?

A

They are the Vascular Supply to the heart tissue

69
Q

What are the two branches of the Coronary Artery?

A
  • Right Coronary Artery

* Left Coronary Artery

70
Q

Where does the Right Coronary Artery sit?

A

In the Coronary Sulcus in between the right atrium and the right ventricle

71
Q

Where do the Right and Left Coronary Artery come off of?

A

The wall of the Aorta

72
Q

What are the two branches of the Left Coronary Artery?

A

The Circumflex Branch and the Anterior Interventricular artery

73
Q

Where does the Circumflex branch of the LCA go?

A

Through the coronary sulcus to the back side of the heart

74
Q

Which Coronary Artery feeds the Left Atrium and Ventricle?

A

The Circumflex branch of the LCA

75
Q

Where does the Anterior Interventricular Artery of the LCA travel?

A

Through the interventricular septum

76
Q

What is the Major blood supply for the two ventricles?

A

The anterior interventricular artery of the LCA

77
Q

What happens once the RCA winds around the back of the heart?

A

It gives rise to the Posterior Interventricular Artery

78
Q

What is the Coronary Sinus?

A

The area of the heart where coronary veins meet and drain into the right atrium

79
Q

Which path does the Great Cardiac Vein follow?

A

The same path of the Anterior Interventricular Artery

80
Q

What kind of cells conduct in the heart?

A

Specialized myocardial cells

81
Q

What are Cardiac cells filled with?

A

Sarcomeres, the filaments needed to contract

82
Q

What are the two types of cells in the Conduction system?

A
  • Contractile cells

* Conductive cells

83
Q

What cells are the majority of Myocardium?

A

Contractile cells

84
Q

What are Contractile cells responsible for?

A

Contraction of the heart

85
Q

What are Conductive cells responsible for?

A

Spontaneous depolarization and transmission of electrical signals

86
Q

What do Gap junction present between cardiac myocytes allo for?

A

Ion flow to synchronize muscle contraction and transmit electrical signals

87
Q

What is the Pacemaker of the heart?

A

The SA node

88
Q

Which node has the fastest rate of depolarization in the heart?

A

The SA node

89
Q

Where is the Sinoatrial (SA) node found?

A

In the base of the Superior Vena Cava

90
Q

Where does the signal first go when the SA node fires?

A

The right Atria and through the Bachmann’s bundle to the left Atria

91
Q

What is the pathway that the signal from the SA node flows to the Left Atrium known as?

A

Bachmann’s bundle

92
Q

Aside from the the Atria where does the the signal from the SA node go?

A

The AV node

93
Q

What occurs once the signal from the SA node gets to the AV node?

A

The AV node pauses to allow the Atria to contract

94
Q

Where does the Signal go after the AV node?

A

It goes the the AV bundle (of His) and through the right bundle branch to the Purkinje fibers

95
Q

What is the Cardiac Cycle?

A
  • Contraction of the Atria

* Contraction of the ventricles when the atria relax

96
Q

What is the Lub and Dub sounds of the heart?

A

Lub is the AV valves closing and the Dub is the Semilunar valves closing

97
Q

What does the Aorta do?

A

Sends blood to the body

98
Q

What is the path of the Arch of the Aorta?

A

It goes anterior to posterior`

99
Q

What do the major branches of the Arch of Aorta supply?

A

The upper limbs and the head

100
Q

What is the branch of the right side of the Arch of Aorta?

A

The Brachiocephalic trunk

101
Q

What does the Brachiocephalic trunk on the right side of the Aorta branch into?

A

The Right Common Carotid artery and the Right Subclavian Artery

102
Q

Where does the Right Subclavian Artery go?

A

The arm

103
Q

Where does the Right Common Carotid Artery go?

A

The head

104
Q

What are the Branches on the Left side of the Aortic Arch?

A

The Left Common Carotid Artery and the Left Subclavian Artery

105
Q

What is not present on the Left branch of the Aortic arch?

A

The Brachiocephalic trunk

106
Q

Which vessel does blood take to get to the Left and Right Lungs?

A

The Left and Right Pulmonary Artery

107
Q

What does the Superior Vena Cava do?

A

Bring blood from the limbs and the head to the heart

108
Q

What does the Inferior Vena Cava do?

A

Bring blood from the lower body to the heart

109
Q

What do the 4 Pulmonary veins do?

A

Bring oxygenated blood blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium

Anat (26 decks)

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