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Anat > Lecture 7: Axial Musculature > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Axial Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What is Axial Musculature associated with?

A

The Axial Skeleton and posture

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2
Q

What is included in the Axial Skeleton?

A

Skull Vertebral column and thoracic cage

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3
Q

What is the Appendicular Musculature associated with?

A

The appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles)

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4
Q

What are the two main characteristics of Axial Musculature?

A
  • Innervation by Cranial Nerves or Spinal Nerves

* Attachments on the axial skeleton, associated organs and or soft tissue

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5
Q

Where do Axial musculature attach to?

A

Axial skeleton, associated organs and/or soft tissue

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6
Q

What are the major functions of the Axial Musculature?

A
  • Vision, hearing, mastication, facial expression and swallowing
  • Upright posture and movement of the back
  • Support of abdominal and pelvic viscera
  • Respiration
  • Urination, defecation, parturition
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7
Q

What are the four major groups of Axial Muscles?

A
  • Head and neck
  • Back
  • Thorax and Abdomen
  • Pelvis and perineum
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8
Q

What are the 6 groups of Head and Neck Musculature?

A
  • Facial expression
  • Extra-ocular muscles
  • Muscle of mastication
  • Tongue muscles
  • Pharyngeal muscles
  • Neck muscles
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9
Q

What kind of nerves are all the head and neck muscle innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves. All except the Neck muscles

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10
Q

Which muscles of the head and neck are not innervated by Cranial nerves?

A

The neck muscles which have a mix of both

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11
Q

What are some muscles of Facial Expression?

A 
Procerus
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Platysma
Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)
Zygomaticus major
Buccinator
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12
Q

What is the function of the Procerus?

A
  • Moves nose

* Draws medial side of eyebrow inferiorly

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13
Q

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi?

A

Closes eyelids

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14
Q

What is the function of the Orbicularis oris?

A

•Purses lips; kissing

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15
Q

What is the function of the Platysma?

A

Tenses skin of neck

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16
Q

What is the function of the Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)?

A
  • Raises eyebrows

* Wrinkles forehead

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17
Q

What is the function of the Zygomaticus major?

A
  • Elevates corner of the mouth

* Smiling

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18
Q

What is the function of the Buccinator?

A

Tenses cheeks; helps with chewing

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19
Q

What kind of nerves are the Extraocular muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial Nerves

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20
Q

What are the 7 Extraocular muscles?

A

1) Levator palpebrae superioris
2) Superior rectus
3) Inferior Rectus
4) Medial Rectus
5) Lateral Rectus
6) Inferior oblique
7) Superior oblique

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21
Q

What is the function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

A

Elevates the eyelid

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22
Q

What is the function of the Superior Rectus?

A

Eye looks up

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23
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Rectus?

A

Eye looks down

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24
Q

What is the function of the Medial Rectus?

A

Eye looks medially

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25
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Rectus?

A

Eye looks laterally

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26
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Oblique?

A

Eye rolls up and laterally

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27
Q

What is the function of the Superior oblique?

A

Eye rolls down and laterally

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28
Q

What is different about the Superior Rectus and Inferior Rectus?

A

They contract slightly medially due to the differential axes of the orbit and the eyeball

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29
Q

What are the parts of the Temporomandibular Joint?

A

Mandibular Fossa - Temporal bone
Articular disc - Articular disc
Mandibular Condyle - Mandible

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30
Q

What is the function of the Articular disc in the Temporomandibular joint?

A

Is cartilage

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31
Q

Why is the TMJ known as an ellipsoid joint?

A

Because it allows modified movement of rotation and translation

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32
Q

What is it called when you open and close your mouth?

A

Depression of the Mandible

Elevation of the Mandible

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33
Q

What occurs in the Mandible during depression (mouth opening)?

A

Rotation of the condyle in the inferior compartment then translation of the condyle in the superior department

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34
Q

What are the 4 muscles of Mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

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35
Q

What are the connections of the Temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal bone to coronoid process to mandible

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36
Q

What are the connections of the Masseter muscle?

A

Zygomatic arch to lateral side of ramus to mandible

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37
Q

What are the functions of the Temporalis and Masseter muscle?

A

They assist with mastication by elevating the mandible when chewing on food

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38
Q

What bone is the Pterygoid plate on?

A

The sphenoid bone

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39
Q

Where does the Lateral Pterygoid connect to?

A

The lateral side of the Pterygoid to mandibular condyle

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40
Q

What are the functions of the Lateral Pterygoid?

A
  • Depresses the mandible to open the mouth

* Can move the mandible side-to-side

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41
Q

What are the connections of the Medial Pterygoid?

A

Medial side of the pterygoid plate to the medial side of mandibular ramus

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42
Q

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid?

A
  • Elevate the mandible when chewing

* Closes the mouth

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43
Q

What kind of nerves are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves

44
Q

What two muscles in the jaw do the same thing?

A
  • Masseter

* Medial Pterygoid

45
Q

Which muscles depress the Mandible?

A

Lateral Pterygoid muscle

46
Q

Which muscles elevate the Mandible?

A
  • Temporalis muscle
  • Medial pterygoid muscle
  • Masseter muscle
47
Q

What kind of nerves of the Tongue muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves

48
Q

What are the muscles of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

49
Q

What are the connections of the Palatoglossus?

A

Palate to Tongue

50
Q

What are the connections of the Styloglossus?

A

Styloid process to the Tongue

51
Q

What are the connections of the Hyoglossus?

A

Hyoid bone to tongue

52
Q

What are the connection of the Genioglossus?

A

Chin to tongue

53
Q

What kind of nerves are the Pharyngeal muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves

54
Q

What are the 4 Pharyngeal muscles?

A
  • Tensor and levator veli palatini
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Middle Pharyngeal constrictor
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
55
Q

What is the function of the Tensor and Levator Veli Palatini?

A

Tenses and elevates the soft palate

56
Q

What is the function of the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor?

A

Constriction of the Pharynx first

57
Q

What is the function of the Middle Pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Constriction of Pharynx next

58
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor?

A

Constriction of pharynx last

59
Q

What are the 3 Superficial Neck muscles?

A
  • Mylohyoid muscle
  • Digastric muscle
  • Suprahyoid
60
Q

What is the connection of the Mylohyoid muscle?

A

Mandible to Hyoid

61
Q

What is the function of the Mylohyoid muscle?

A

Tenses floor of mouth during swallowing

62
Q

What are the connections of the Digastric muscle?

A

Styloid process to hyoid to mandibel

63
Q

What is the function of a the Digastric muscle?

A

Assists in depression of mandible to open mouth wide

64
Q

What are the connections of the Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Skull to hyoid

65
Q

What is the function of the Suprahyoid muscle?

A

Elevate hyoid and larynx

66
Q

What are the steps in swallowing?

A

1) contraction of mylohyoid and tongue muscles
2) contraction of tensor and levator veli palatini muscles to block nasal cavity
3) Elevation of larynx by suprahyoid muscles
4) sequential contraction from the top of constrictor muscles to the esophagus

67
Q

What muscles block the nasal cavity?

A

Tensor and levator veli palatini

68
Q

What blocks the trachea?

A

The larynx via the suprahyoid muscles

69
Q

What are the Superficial anterior neck muscles?

A
  • Infrahyoid muscles

* Sternocleidomastoid

70
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Pull down hyoid bone and larynx

71
Q

What are the functions of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A

•Turns head to opposite side of contraction

72
Q

What does contraction of both Sternocleidomastoid muscles do?

A

Causes flexion of the head

73
Q

Where does the Sternocleidomastoid muscles connect?

A

Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process

74
Q

What are the Deep Anterior Neck muscles?

A
  • Longus capitis
  • Longus colli
  • Scalene muscles
75
Q

What kind of nerves are the Seep Anterior neck muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal Nerves (Cervical)

76
Q

What are the function of the Longus Capitis and Longus Colli?

A

Flexors of neck and head

77
Q

What is the function of the Scalene muscels?

A
  • Lateral flexors of neck

* Elevators of ribs 1 and 2

78
Q

Where do the Scalene muscles connect?

A

Transverse processes to rib 1 and 2

79
Q

What kind of nerves are the Posterior and superficial deep muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal (Cervical) nerves

80
Q

What are the Posterior Superficial and deep muscles?

A

Longissimus
Spinalis
Iliocostalis
Transversospinal group

81
Q

What makes up the is the Erector Spinae?

A

Longissimus
Spinalis
Iliocostalis

82
Q

What does the Longissimus attach to?

A

Transverse process to transverse process

83
Q

What does the Spinalis attach to?

A

Spinous process to Spinous process

84
Q

What does the Iliocostalis attach to?

A

Ribs to ribs from the ilium

85
Q

Where does the Transversospinal group attach?

A

Transverse to spinous process

86
Q

What is the function of the Extensors of the back?

A

They are vital to maintain upright posture

87
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Superficial and deep muscles?

A

They help you to stay upright

88
Q

What is the function of the Quadratus Lumborum?

A

Lateral flexor of trunk helps with respiration

89
Q

What are the Thoracic muscles known as?

A

Intercostal muscles

90
Q

What are the 3 layers of Intercostal muscles?

A
  • External
  • Internal
  • Innermost
91
Q

What do Intercostal muscles attach to?

A

Rib to Rib

92
Q

Which muscles elevate the ribs during respiration?

A

External intercostal muscles

93
Q

Which muscles assist during Forced exhalation?

A

Internal Intercostal muscles

94
Q

What nerves are the Thoracic muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal (Thoracic) nerves

95
Q

What is the function of the Innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Separate the thoracic cavity from musculature

96
Q

Which nerves are Abdominal muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal nerves

97
Q

What are the 4 Layers of Abdominal muscles?

A

•Rectus Abdominis
•Abdominal mm.
-2 obliques
-1 transverse

98
Q

What is the function of the Rectus abdominis?

A

Flexor of the trunk

Can help bring ribs down in respiration

99
Q

What is the function of the 2 Obliques?

A

Later flexors and rotators of the trunk

100
Q

What can all 4 abdominal mm do?

A

Increase intra-abdominal pressure by compressing the abdomen

101
Q

What are the 3 holes in the Diaphragm for?

A
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Esophagus
  • Aorta
102
Q

What is the function of the Diaphragm?

A
  • Separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities

* Respiration

103
Q

What kind of nerve is the Diaphragm innervated by?

A

Spinal nerves

104
Q

What is the muscle of the Pelvis?

A

Levator Ani

105
Q

What is the function of the Levator Ani?

A
  • Form the pelvic diaphragm

* Provide support to pelvic viscera

Anat (26 decks)

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