Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anat > Lecture 7: Axial Musculature > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Axial Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

What is Axial Musculature associated with?

A

The Axial Skeleton and posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is included in the Axial Skeleton?

A

Skull Vertebral column and thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Appendicular Musculature associated with?

A

The appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two main characteristics of Axial Musculature?

A
  • Innervation by Cranial Nerves or Spinal Nerves

* Attachments on the axial skeleton, associated organs and or soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do Axial musculature attach to?

A

Axial skeleton, associated organs and/or soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the major functions of the Axial Musculature?

A
  • Vision, hearing, mastication, facial expression and swallowing
  • Upright posture and movement of the back
  • Support of abdominal and pelvic viscera
  • Respiration
  • Urination, defecation, parturition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four major groups of Axial Muscles?

A
  • Head and neck
  • Back
  • Thorax and Abdomen
  • Pelvis and perineum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 6 groups of Head and Neck Musculature?

A
  • Facial expression
  • Extra-ocular muscles
  • Muscle of mastication
  • Tongue muscles
  • Pharyngeal muscles
  • Neck muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of nerves are all the head and neck muscle innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves. All except the Neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which muscles of the head and neck are not innervated by Cranial nerves?

A

The neck muscles which have a mix of both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some muscles of Facial Expression?

A 
Procerus
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Platysma
Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)
Zygomaticus major
Buccinator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the Procerus?

A
  • Moves nose

* Draws medial side of eyebrow inferiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi?

A

Closes eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the Orbicularis oris?

A

•Purses lips; kissing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the Platysma?

A

Tenses skin of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)?

A
  • Raises eyebrows

* Wrinkles forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the Zygomaticus major?

A
  • Elevates corner of the mouth

* Smiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the Buccinator?

A

Tenses cheeks; helps with chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of nerves are the Extraocular muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 7 Extraocular muscles?

A

1) Levator palpebrae superioris
2) Superior rectus
3) Inferior Rectus
4) Medial Rectus
5) Lateral Rectus
6) Inferior oblique
7) Superior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

A

Elevates the eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the Superior Rectus?

A

Eye looks up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Rectus?

A

Eye looks down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of the Medial Rectus?

A

Eye looks medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Rectus?

A

Eye looks laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Oblique?

A

Eye rolls up and laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of the Superior oblique?

A

Eye rolls down and laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is different about the Superior Rectus and Inferior Rectus?

A

They contract slightly medially due to the differential axes of the orbit and the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the parts of the Temporomandibular Joint?

A

Mandibular Fossa - Temporal bone
Articular disc - Articular disc
Mandibular Condyle - Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of the Articular disc in the Temporomandibular joint?

A

Is cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why is the TMJ known as an ellipsoid joint?

A

Because it allows modified movement of rotation and translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is it called when you open and close your mouth?

A

Depression of the Mandible

Elevation of the Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What occurs in the Mandible during depression (mouth opening)?

A

Rotation of the condyle in the inferior compartment then translation of the condyle in the superior department

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the 4 muscles of Mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the connections of the Temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal bone to coronoid process to mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the connections of the Masseter muscle?

A

Zygomatic arch to lateral side of ramus to mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the functions of the Temporalis and Masseter muscle?

A

They assist with mastication by elevating the mandible when chewing on food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What bone is the Pterygoid plate on?

A

The sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where does the Lateral Pterygoid connect to?

A

The lateral side of the Pterygoid to mandibular condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the functions of the Lateral Pterygoid?

A
  • Depresses the mandible to open the mouth

* Can move the mandible side-to-side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the connections of the Medial Pterygoid?

A

Medial side of the pterygoid plate to the medial side of mandibular ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid?

A
  • Elevate the mandible when chewing

* Closes the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What kind of nerves are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves

44
Q

What two muscles in the jaw do the same thing?

A
  • Masseter

* Medial Pterygoid

45
Q

Which muscles depress the Mandible?

A

Lateral Pterygoid muscle

46
Q

Which muscles elevate the Mandible?

A
  • Temporalis muscle
  • Medial pterygoid muscle
  • Masseter muscle
47
Q

What kind of nerves of the Tongue muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves

48
Q

What are the muscles of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

49
Q

What are the connections of the Palatoglossus?

A

Palate to Tongue

50
Q

What are the connections of the Styloglossus?

A

Styloid process to the Tongue

51
Q

What are the connections of the Hyoglossus?

A

Hyoid bone to tongue

52
Q

What are the connection of the Genioglossus?

A

Chin to tongue

53
Q

What kind of nerves are the Pharyngeal muscles innervated by?

A

Cranial nerves

54
Q

What are the 4 Pharyngeal muscles?

A
  • Tensor and levator veli palatini
  • Superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • Middle Pharyngeal constrictor
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
55
Q

What is the function of the Tensor and Levator Veli Palatini?

A

Tenses and elevates the soft palate

56
Q

What is the function of the Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor?

A

Constriction of the Pharynx first

57
Q

What is the function of the Middle Pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Constriction of Pharynx next

58
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor?

A

Constriction of pharynx last

59
Q

What are the 3 Superficial Neck muscles?

A
  • Mylohyoid muscle
  • Digastric muscle
  • Suprahyoid
60
Q

What is the connection of the Mylohyoid muscle?

A

Mandible to Hyoid

61
Q

What is the function of the Mylohyoid muscle?

A

Tenses floor of mouth during swallowing

62
Q

What are the connections of the Digastric muscle?

A

Styloid process to hyoid to mandibel

63
Q

What is the function of a the Digastric muscle?

A

Assists in depression of mandible to open mouth wide

64
Q

What are the connections of the Suprahyoid muscles?

A

Skull to hyoid

65
Q

What is the function of the Suprahyoid muscle?

A

Elevate hyoid and larynx

66
Q

What are the steps in swallowing?

A

1) contraction of mylohyoid and tongue muscles
2) contraction of tensor and levator veli palatini muscles to block nasal cavity
3) Elevation of larynx by suprahyoid muscles
4) sequential contraction from the top of constrictor muscles to the esophagus

67
Q

What muscles block the nasal cavity?

A

Tensor and levator veli palatini

68
Q

What blocks the trachea?

A

The larynx via the suprahyoid muscles

69
Q

What are the Superficial anterior neck muscles?

A
  • Infrahyoid muscles

* Sternocleidomastoid

70
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Pull down hyoid bone and larynx

71
Q

What are the functions of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A

•Turns head to opposite side of contraction

72
Q

What does contraction of both Sternocleidomastoid muscles do?

A

Causes flexion of the head

73
Q

Where does the Sternocleidomastoid muscles connect?

A

Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process

74
Q

What are the Deep Anterior Neck muscles?

A
  • Longus capitis
  • Longus colli
  • Scalene muscles
75
Q

What kind of nerves are the Seep Anterior neck muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal Nerves (Cervical)

76
Q

What are the function of the Longus Capitis and Longus Colli?

A

Flexors of neck and head

77
Q

What is the function of the Scalene muscels?

A
  • Lateral flexors of neck

* Elevators of ribs 1 and 2

78
Q

Where do the Scalene muscles connect?

A

Transverse processes to rib 1 and 2

79
Q

What kind of nerves are the Posterior and superficial deep muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal (Cervical) nerves

80
Q

What are the Posterior Superficial and deep muscles?

A

Longissimus
Spinalis
Iliocostalis
Transversospinal group

81
Q

What makes up the is the Erector Spinae?

A

Longissimus
Spinalis
Iliocostalis

82
Q

What does the Longissimus attach to?

A

Transverse process to transverse process

83
Q

What does the Spinalis attach to?

A

Spinous process to Spinous process

84
Q

What does the Iliocostalis attach to?

A

Ribs to ribs from the ilium

85
Q

Where does the Transversospinal group attach?

A

Transverse to spinous process

86
Q

What is the function of the Extensors of the back?

A

They are vital to maintain upright posture

87
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Superficial and deep muscles?

A

They help you to stay upright

88
Q

What is the function of the Quadratus Lumborum?

A

Lateral flexor of trunk helps with respiration

89
Q

What are the Thoracic muscles known as?

A

Intercostal muscles

90
Q

What are the 3 layers of Intercostal muscles?

A
  • External
  • Internal
  • Innermost
91
Q

What do Intercostal muscles attach to?

A

Rib to Rib

92
Q

Which muscles elevate the ribs during respiration?

A

External intercostal muscles

93
Q

Which muscles assist during Forced exhalation?

A

Internal Intercostal muscles

94
Q

What nerves are the Thoracic muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal (Thoracic) nerves

95
Q

What is the function of the Innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Separate the thoracic cavity from musculature

96
Q

Which nerves are Abdominal muscles innervated by?

A

Spinal nerves

97
Q

What are the 4 Layers of Abdominal muscles?

A

•Rectus Abdominis
•Abdominal mm.
-2 obliques
-1 transverse

98
Q

What is the function of the Rectus abdominis?

A

Flexor of the trunk

Can help bring ribs down in respiration

99
Q

What is the function of the 2 Obliques?

A

Later flexors and rotators of the trunk

100
Q

What can all 4 abdominal mm do?

A

Increase intra-abdominal pressure by compressing the abdomen

101
Q

What are the 3 holes in the Diaphragm for?

A
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Esophagus
  • Aorta
102
Q

What is the function of the Diaphragm?

A
  • Separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities

* Respiration

103
Q

What kind of nerve is the Diaphragm innervated by?

A

Spinal nerves

104
Q

What is the muscle of the Pelvis?

A

Levator Ani

105
Q

What is the function of the Levator Ani?

A
  • Form the pelvic diaphragm

* Provide support to pelvic viscera

Anat (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions