Lecture 3: Introduction to the Skeletal System Flashcards
What kind of tissue are Cartilage and bone?
Specialized connective tissue
What is the function of Cartilage?
- Supports and preserves soft tissues
- Provides a smooth, frictionless shock absorbing surface at articulations (joints)
- Provide a model for the formation of the majority of bones in the body
What are the properties of Cartilage?
- Resists compression
- Firm yet flexible
- Avascular
How is Cartilage supported since its avasacula?
•It undergoes exchange of nutrients and wastes by diffusion with another CT
What is a consequence of Cartilage being Avascular?
- Its thickness is restricted
* It capacity to heal is restricted
What are most Cartilage surrounded by?
Perichondrium
What are Mesenchymal cells?
The stem cells of all connective tissue
What are Chondroblasts?
Immature cartilage cells the secrete ECM
What are Chondrocytes?
Mature cartilage cells that Maintain ECM
What occurs when Chondrocytes die?
They activate calcification of the extracellular matrix which makes bone
What are the 3 different types of Cartilages?
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
What differentiates the type of Cartilage?
- Type of fibers found in them
* How many of those fibres there are
What is the function of Hyaline Cartilage?
Provide support, flexibility, and resilience
Where is Hyaline Cartilage found?
- Growth plates
- Costal cartilage
- Most respiratory cartilage
- Nasal cartilage
- Articular cartilage
What is different about Fibrocartilage?
It never exists on its own, is a transition cartilage
How can Hyaline cartilage get nutrients?
Either through bone or synovial joints that have the synovial membrane to nourish
What is the function of Elastic Cartilage?
Provide more elasticity and maintain shape of the structure while allowing flexibility
Where is Elastic Cartilage found?
- Epiglottis
* External ear
What is Fibrocartilage super specialized to do?
Be highly compressible with tensile strength
Where are some places that fibrocartilage is found?
- Menisci of synovial joints (knee)
- Intervertebral discs
- Pubic symphysis
- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
What tissue are Intervertebral discs made of?
Fibrocartilage
What are the function of Bones?
- Support and protect soft tissue
- Support and generates shape of body
- Muscle/Tendon attachments
- Dynamic Mineral storage
- Marrow space for blood formation
What minerals does Bone store?
Calcium and Phosphate ions
What does Calcium Phosphate do for bones?
Makes it very strong but inflexible; making it resists compressive stress
What do Collagen fibers do for bones?
They make it tough and flexible; allowing it to resist stretching, bending, and twisting stress
What is the Composite material that makes up bone?
Calcium phosphate and collagen fibers
What are cells in bone embedded in?
The Matrix
What is the turnover rate of bones?
They have a high turnover
Why do bones break down sometimes?
Because sometimes the minerals are needed
What are the two types of Connective tissue that bones are surrounded by?
Periosteum (outer) and Endosteum (inner)
What is the meaning behind ‘bone is Anisotropic’?
Bone has different strength depending on its orientation
What are the two types of bone?
- Spongy (Cancellous/trabecular) bone
* Compact (Cortical) bone