Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anat > Lecture 13: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the Respiratory System?

A
  • Exchange of gas between the atmosphere and blood
  • Filtration, temperature regulation and humidification
  • Olfaction
  • Production of sound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the dividing line between the upper and lower respiratory system?

A

The Larynx (vocal folds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When we divide the respiratory system functionally, what are the two sections?

A

The Conducting portion and the Respiratory portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

The portion that is there to get air in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What occurs in the Respiration portion of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pathways that air takes in the upper respiratory system?

A
  • External Nares
  • Nasal Vestibule
  • Conchae/Turbinates
  • Internal Nares
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Epiglottis
  • Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is found in the Nasopharynx?

A

Adenoids and Eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the Epiglottis close?

A

When you swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the Turbinates in the nasal cavity?

A

Warm and moisten the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two ways the Oropharynx is protected when swallowing?

A
  • The soft palate goes up

* The epiglottis goes up to the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Root (Hilum) of the lung?

A

The site where blood vessels, lymphatics, nerve and airways enter and leave lungs 🫁

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 Lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What fissure does the Left lung have?

A

The Oblique fissure that separates the superior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the fissures of the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure and oblique fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 lobes of the Right lung?

A

Superior, Inferior, Middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two Pleura?

A

Parietal Pleura and Visceral Pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the Parietal Pleura cover?

A

The inside of the body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the Visceral pleura cover?

A

The lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kind of membrane is the Pleura?

A

Mesothelium - A smooth epithelium layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the Pleural Cavity?

A

The space between the visceral and parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many secondary bronchi are there in each lung?

A

3 on the right side

2 on the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the Terminal Bronchioles?

A

The last bronchioles of the conducting system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the shape of the cartilage around the esophogus?

A

A ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why is the ring of the trachea only a half cartilage ring?

A

Because the esophagus pushes up against it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What keeps the trachea as an open tube?

A

The cartilaginous rings around the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do we distinguish Bronchi from Bronchioles?

A

Bronchioles are only supported by smooth muscle and have no cartilaginous rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does respiration happen?

A

In the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the purpose of the terminal bronchi?

A

To conduct air in and out

30
Q

What are alveolar ducts?

A

The last tubes before you get to alveoli

31
Q

What do Conducting airways do?

A

Warm moisten and conduct air

32
Q

What do Respiratory airways do?

A

Conduct air and respire air

33
Q

What are the 3 structures found in the Airway walls?

A
  • Cartilage
  • Smooth muscle
  • Elastic fibers
34
Q

Where is carilage found?

A

In larger airways

35
Q

What is the function of cartilage?

A

To keep airways open

36
Q

Where is smooth muscle mostly found?

A

In smaller airways

37
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle in smaller airways?

A

Controls the diameter of the airway

Reduces airflow of the airway

38
Q

Where are elastic fibers found in the airways?

A

In smaller airways and respiratory portion

39
Q

What is the function of the elastic fibers?

A

Provides force for expiration through recoil

40
Q

What occurs in an asthma attack?

A

Parasympathetic nerve stimulation causes smooth muscles to tighten and airways to be inflamed and thickened

41
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

The breakdown of alveolar walls causing large air spaces which lowers space for gas exchange

42
Q

What are some causes of Emphysema?

A

Smoking and other irritants: Pollution, dust

43
Q

What type of cell is the majority of cells lining the Respiratory system?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

44
Q

Where is the Pseudostratified epithelium found?

A
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Nasopharynx
  • Large airways
45
Q

What is the function of Pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Has cilia and goblet cells that produce mucus

46
Q

What is the sequence of thinning membranes as you move down the respiratory system?

A
  • Simple Columnar
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple squamous
47
Q

What is the type of tissue in the Oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized because it also has to deal with food

48
Q

What epithelium is in the alveoli?

A

Squamous epithelium: Type I alveolar cells

49
Q

What cells form the wall of alveoli?

A

Type I epithelial cells

50
Q

How do blood vessels maximize gas exchange?

A

They have blood vessels running between two alveoli

51
Q

What is in between the Alveoli and the blood vessel?

A

The basement membrane

52
Q

How many membrane does oxygen molecule need to pass through to get to the blood?

A

5

53
Q

What is the function of Type II Alveolar Cells?

A
  • Secrete Surfactant

* Are also stem cells for type I alveolar cells

54
Q

What is the function of Surfactant?

A

Lowers surface tension of alveolar fluid

Prevents alveolar walls from sticking together and collapsing

55
Q

What is the function of Alveolar Macrophages?

A

•Ingest debris in alveoli

56
Q

How do macrophages in the lungs get taken away?

A

By mucus in the

57
Q

How are macrophages in the lungs excreted?

A

They are carried toward the pharynx by ciliary action and expectorated or swallowed

58
Q

What does the Pulmonary artery carry?

A

Deoxygenated blood

59
Q

What does the pulmonary artery travel with?

A

The bronchi and branches whenever the bronchi branch

60
Q

What do capillaries on the alveoli drain into?

A

The pulmonary vein

61
Q

What do the Pulmonary veins carry?

A

Oxygenated blood

62
Q

Where do Pulmonary veins and Lymphatics travel in?

A

The interlobular connective tissue

63
Q

What blood vessels does gas exchange occur?

A

The alveolar capillaries

64
Q

What muscles help with Quiet inhalation?

A

Contraction of External intercostals and the Diaphragm

65
Q

What allows for quiet Exhalation?

A

Relaxation of external intercostals and diaphragm

66
Q

What are the muscles of forced inhalation?

A 
Scalenes
Pectoralis minor
Sternocleidomastoid
External Intercostals
Diaphragm
67
Q

What are the muscles of forces exhalation?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

Abdominal wall muscles - compress viscera

68
Q

What does the Sternocleidomastoid do?

A

Elevates the Sternum during force breathing

69
Q

What do the Scalenes do?

A

Elevate ribs 1 and 2 during forces breathing

70
Q

What does the Pectoralis minor do?

A

Elevates ribs 3-5 in force breathing

Anat (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions