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Anat > Lecture 12: Cranial Nerve Lecture + Names > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Cranial Nerve Lecture + Names Flashcards

1
Q

I

A

Olfactory

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2
Q

II

A

Optic

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3
Q

III

A

Ocularmotor

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4
Q

IV

A

Trochlear

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5
Q

V

A

Trigmenial

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6
Q

VI

A

Abducens

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7
Q

VII

A

Facial

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8
Q

VIII

A

AudioVestibular

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9
Q

IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

X

A

Vagus

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11
Q

XI

A

Spinal Accessory

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12
Q

XII

A

Hypoglossal

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13
Q

What do nerves III, IV, and VI have to with?

A

Moving of the eye inside its orbit

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14
Q

What is the biggest nerve?

A

The Trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

What is the name of CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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16
Q

What type of nerve is the olfactory nerve? (Motor/Sensory)

A

Pure Sensory

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17
Q

What is the Olfactory nerve (I) responsible for?

A

Smell

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18
Q

What is the Olfactory Epithelium?

A

Sensory receptors in the roof of nasal cavity that connect to the Olfactory nerve

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19
Q

What do Olfactory Nerve Filaments do?

A

Supply Olfactory epithelium

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20
Q

What is the pathway from the Olfactory epithelium?

A
  • Olfactory epithelium
  • Olfactory Olfactory nerve
  • Olfactory bulb
  • Olfactory tract
  • 1º Olfactory cortex (temporal lobe)
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21
Q

What does the Thalamus serve as?

A

A relay station for sensory input

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22
Q

What is the only system to bypass the Thalamus?

A

The Olfactory system

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23
Q

What does Damage or Disease to the olfactory nerve cause?

A

Hyposmia and or Anosmia

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24
Q

What is Hyposmia and Anosmia?

A

Hyposmia is the partial loss of smell and Anosmia is the full loss of smell

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25
Q

What bone do the Olfactory nerves go through?

A

The Cribriform plate

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26
Q

What are the Special Senses?

A
  • Olfaction
  • Vision
  • Auditory
  • Taste
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27
Q

How does Olfactory sensation work?

A

Odorants bind to the axons and cause an action potential

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28
Q

Where is the 1º Olfactory cortex found?

A

In the temporal lobe

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29
Q

What kind of nerve is the Optic nerve (II)? (Motor/Sensory)

A

Pure sensory

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30
Q

What is the optic nerve responsible for?

A

Vision

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31
Q

What is the pathway of the Optic Nerve from the eye?

A
  • Axons of ganglion cells
  • Optic Nerve
  • Optic Chiasm
  • Optic Tract
  • Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (Thalamus)
  • Optic Radiation
  • 1º Visual Cortex
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32
Q

What is the Orientation that Visual fields are projected on the visual cortex?

A

In an inverted and reversed fashion

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33
Q

Which part of the Thalamus does does the Optic Tract travel through?

A

The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus

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34
Q

What does a Damaged or Diseased optic nerve lead to?

A

Visual field defects

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35
Q

Where does the optic nerve synapse for the first time?

A

In the Thalamus

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36
Q

Where is the Primary Visual Cortex found?

A

In the occipital lobe

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37
Q

What divides the Primary Visual Cortex?

A

The Calcarine Sulcus

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38
Q

When does the Optic nerve become the Optic Tract?

A

When they pass the optic chiasm

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39
Q

What is Nerve II?

A

The optic nerve

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40
Q

What type of nerve is the Oculomotor Nerve (III)? (Sensory/Motor)

A

Mixed Sensory and Motor

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41
Q

Where does the Oculomotor Nerve arise from?

A

The midbrain

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42
Q

What is the Motor function of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Move the eyeball in orbit

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43
Q

What is the Parasympathetic motor function of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Pupillary constriction and accommodation (ciliary ganglia)

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44
Q

What extraocular muscles does the Motor Component of the Oculomotor Nerve innervate?

A
  • Medial Rectus
  • Superior rectus
  • Inferior Rectus
  • Inferior oblique
  • Levator Palpebrae
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45
Q

What extraocular muscles does the Motor Component of the Oculomotor Nerve NOT innervate?

A
  • Lateral Rectus

* Superior Oblique

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46
Q

What is the acronym for remembering which nerves innervate the muscles of the eye and explain it

A

LR6SO4

Lateral rectus is innervated by CN VI and Superior oblique is innervated by CN 4

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47
Q

What does Damage or Disease to the Oculomotor nerve result in?

A
  • Pupillary dilation

* Ophthalmoplegia

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48
Q

What is Ophthalmaoplegia?

A

Eye movement weakened or paralysed

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49
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the eye?

A
  • Medial rectus
  • Superior rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Lateral Rectus
  • Inferior oblique
  • Superior oblique
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
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50
Q

Explain the function of the Oculomotor nerve (Somatic/Autonomic and Sensory/Motor)

A

It has Somatic motor function and Parasympathetic functions

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51
Q

What are the Somatic Motor functions of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Moving the eyeball

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52
Q

What are the Parasympathetic functions of the Oculomotor nerve?

A

Constriction of the iris and accomodation of the eye

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53
Q

What does the Superior Rectus muscle do?

A

Makes the eye look up

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54
Q

What does the Inferior rectus do?

A

Makes the eye look down

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55
Q

What does the Medial rectus do?

A

Makes the eye look medially

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56
Q

What does the Lateral rectus do?

A

Makes the eye look laterally

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57
Q

What does the Inferior Oblique do?

A

Elevates the anterior part of the eye

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58
Q

What does in Superior Oblique do?

A

Moves the eye down and out

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59
Q

What is the function of the Superior Levator Palpebrae muscle?

A

Lifts the eyelid

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60
Q

What is CN IV?

A

The Trochlear Nerve

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61
Q

What is the smallest Cranial Nerve?

A

CN IV the Trochlear nerve

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62
Q

What kind of nerve is the Trochlear Nerve? (Sensory/Motor)

A

Pure Motor

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63
Q

Which muscle does the Trochlear Nerve supply?

A

The Superior Oblique

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64
Q

Where does the Trochlear Nerve emerge?

A

The back of the brainstem

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65
Q

Why is damage to the Trochlear Nerve uncommon?

A

Because it’s really isolate

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66
Q

What is the Motor function of the Trochlear Nerve?

A

To move the Superior Oblique

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67
Q

What is the name of nerve VI?

A

The Abducens Nerve

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68
Q

What type of nerve is the Abducens Nerve? (Sensory/Motor)

A

It is pure motor

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69
Q

What is the motor function of the Abducens nerve?

A

Move the lateral rectus

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70
Q

What does the lateral rectus do?

A

Abducts the eye, hence the abducent nerve

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71
Q

Where is the Abducens nerve found?

A

At the Pontomedullary junction

72
Q

Which nerve has the longest intracranial course of all nerves?

A

The Abducens nerve

73
Q

What is the Abducens nerve vulnerable to?

A

Injury in head trauma or raised intracranial pressure

74
Q

What does Damage to the Abducens do?

A

Paralysis of the lateral rectus causes nothing to oppose the medial rectus and the eye deviates medially causing double vision and squinting

75
Q

Which nerve is sensitive to intracranial pressure and head trauma?

A

The abducens nerve

76
Q

Which nerve can be responsible for Strabismus?

A

VI, the abducens nerve

77
Q

What is nerve V called?

A

The Trigeminal Nerve

78
Q

What nerves does the Trigeminal Nerve split into and what are their names?

A
  • V1-Ophthalmic Nerve
  • V2-Maxillary Nerve
  • V3-Mandibular Nerve
79
Q

What type of nerve is the Trigeminal Nerve? (Sensory/Motor)

A

Sensory and Motor

80
Q

Where does the Trigeminal originate?

A

The pons

81
Q

What type of nerve is V1? (Motor/Sensory)

A

Pure Sensory

82
Q

What type of nerve is V2? (Motor/Sensory)

A

Pure Sensory

83
Q

What type of nerve is V3? (Motor/Sensory)

A

Motor and Sensory

84
Q

What does V1 innervate?

A

The eye

85
Q

What does V2 innervate?

A

The cheek

86
Q

What does V3 innervate?

A

The Mandible

87
Q

What does CN V serve as a conduit for?

A

Parasympathetic functions of CN’s III, VII, IX

88
Q

What disease is associated with the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)

89
Q

What is V2 responsible for?

A

All feeling around the cheek area

90
Q

What is V1 responsible for?

A

Feeling in the eye

91
Q

What is V3 responsible for?

A

Movement and sensation in the Mandible

92
Q

What is found in the Trigeminal Ganglia?

A

The cell bodies for the sensory axons

93
Q

What does V1 branch into?

A

The Supraorbital nerve

94
Q

What is the function of V1 the Opthalmic nerve?

A
  • Supplies sensation to the frontal and ethmoidal paranasal air sinuses
  • Sensory innervation to nasal cavity
  • Supplies sensation to upper eyelid, side of nose, forehead and scalp
95
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to frontal and ethmoid paranasal air sinuses?

A

V1 - Ophthalmic Nerve

96
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the nasal cavity?

A

V1 - The Ophthalmic nerve

97
Q

Which nerve supplies sensation to the upper eyelid, side of nose, forehead and scalp?

A

V1 - Ophthalmic nerve

98
Q

What is the Ciliary Ganglion?

A

Where cranial nerve III synapses onto V1 in order to constrict the pupil

99
Q

What Ganglion is associated with V1?

A

Ciliary Ganglion

100
Q

How does V2 enter the floor of the Orbit?

A

Through the inferior orbital fissure

101
Q

What ganglion is associated with the Maxillary nerve?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

102
Q

What does the Pterygopalatine ganglion do?

A

Serve as a synapse point for CN VII

103
Q

What does the Maxillary nerve (V2) supply sensation to?

A
  • Maxillary air sinus
  • Nasal cavity
  • lower eyelid, skin of cheek, upper lip
  • Maxillary (upper) teeth and gums
104
Q

Which nerve branches off V2?

A

The Infraorbital nerve

105
Q

What does the Infraorbital nerve that branches off V2 do?

A

Supply sensation to:

•Lower eyelid, skin of cheek, upper lip

106
Q

What kind of nerve is V3? (Sensory/Motor) + (Somatic/Autonomic)

A

It is a mixed nerve with somatic sensory and somatic motor function

107
Q

What is the biggest nerve of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Mandibular nerve V3

108
Q

Which ganglion are associated with the Mandibular Nerve?

A

Submandibular (CN VII) and Otic (CN IX)

109
Q

Where does V3 enter from?

A

The Infratemporal fossa

110
Q

What is the motor function of V3?

A

Supplies the muscles of mastication

111
Q

What are the Sensory functions of V3?

A
  • Supplies lower lip and skin of mandible
  • Mandibular teeth and gums
  • sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue
112
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory information to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

V3

113
Q

Which nerve supplies the lower lip and skin of the mandible as well as mandibular teeth and gums?

A

V3

114
Q

What does V3 end as?

A

The mental nerve of the chin

115
Q

How does V3 help with proprioception of the jaw?

A

It carries information from muscles of mastication to the brainstem (force of bite)

116
Q

Where does the Inferior Alveolar Nerve originate?

A

From V3

117
Q

Which nerve does the Lingual nerve originate from?

A

From V3

118
Q

What is the name of VII?

A

Facial nerve

119
Q

What type of nerve is VII? (Motor/Sensory) (Autonomic?)

A

Somatic Motor
Somatic Sensory
Parasympathetic

120
Q

What is the Facial Nerve attached to?

A

The pons

121
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the sensory nerves of the Facial Nerve found?

A

In the geniculate ganglion

122
Q

What does Damage or or Disease to the facial nerve cause?

A
  • Inability to taste, inability to salivate and lacrimation in one eye
  • Bell’s Palsy
123
Q

What is the Motor function of the facial nerve?

A

Facial expression

124
Q

What are the Sensory functions of the Facial nerve?

A
  • Taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue

* Some sensory skin around the ear

125
Q

Which nerve supplies taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

The facial nerve via the chorda tympani

126
Q

What are the Parasympathetic functions of the facial nerves?

A

Tearing and salivation

127
Q

What does the lacrimal gland innervated by the facial nerve do parasympathetically?

A

Allow for tearing (lacrimation)

128
Q

What do the Submandibular and Sublingual glands innervated by the facial nerves do?

A

Allow for salivation

129
Q

What nerve does the lacrimal gland nerve join onto?

A

V2

130
Q

What nerve does the submandibular and sublingual gland join onto?

A

V3

131
Q

What are the main things that the facial nerve does?

A

Sensation of taste and movement of the facial muscle

132
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve controls taste in the first 2/3rds of the the tongue?

A

The Chorda Tympani nerve

133
Q

What are the Parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve?

A

Tearing and Salivation

134
Q

What is the Somatic sensory function of the facial nerve?

A

Taste

135
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the Facial nerve?

A
  • Somatic Tasting
  • Somatic Motor Facial expression
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
136
Q

Which nerve does the Chorda Tympani of the facial nerve hitchhike on?

A

V3

137
Q

What is the name of the branch of the Facial Nerve that is responsible for taste?

A

The Chorda Tympani

138
Q

What is the name of Nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

139
Q

What type of nerve is the Vestibulocochlear nerve? (Autonomic/Sensory)

A

A Pure Sensory nerve

140
Q

What are the two components of the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

The Vestibular and the Cochlear component

141
Q

What does the Vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve supply?

A

Semicircular canals and vestibules for balance and equilibrium

142
Q

What diseases arise as a result of issues with the Vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerves?

A

Meniere’s syndrome (vertigo, nausea, vomiting)

143
Q

What does the Cochlear portion of the Vestibulocochlear nerve supply?

A

The organ of corti in cochlea for hearing

144
Q

What is the pathway for the cochlear portion of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

A

Temporal lobe to Primary auditory cortex

145
Q

What does damage or disease to the cochlear part of the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

A

Cause difficulty localizing sound and deafness

146
Q

What is the name of nerve IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

147
Q

What kind of nerve is the Glossopharyngeal nerve? (Motor/Sensory + Autonomic?)

A

Mixed Somatic Motor and Somatic Sensory and Parasympathetic

148
Q

Which parts of the body does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve supply?

A

The Tongue and the Pharynx

149
Q

What part of the brainstem is the glossopharyngeal nerve attached to?

A

The medulla

150
Q

Which nerve regulates the gag reflex?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

151
Q

What can damage to the Glossopharyngeal nerve cause?

A

Difficulty in swallowing, loss of gag reflex

152
Q

What does the Motor portion of the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

The Stylopharyngeus which elevates the pharynx

153
Q

What is the function of the Sensory portion of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A
  • Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

* Sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, palatine tonsils, carotid sinus + body

154
Q

What is the Parasympathetic function of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

A

The Parotid gland

155
Q

What does the Parasympathetic portion of the glossopharyngeal (parotid gland) nerve hitchhike on?

A

V3 via the otic ganglion

156
Q

Which nerve innervates Baroreceptors?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

157
Q

What is the Parasympathetic function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Salivary through the Parotid Gland

158
Q

What is CN X known as?

A

The Vagus nerve

159
Q

What kind of nerve is the Vagus Nerve? (Motor/Sensory + Autonomic?)

A

Mixed Motor, Sensory and Parasympathetic

160
Q

Where does the Vagus nerve arise?

A

The medulla

161
Q

What does damage to the vagus nerve cause?

A

Difficulty in speech and swallowing

162
Q

What is the main motor function of the Vagus nerve?

A

Help with swallowing

163
Q

What is the main parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve?

A

To ramp up digestion and slow down heart rate

164
Q

What are the main Sensory functions of the Vagus nerve?

A
  • Sensory receptors to eardrum
  • Baroreceptors for hollow organs
  • Carries visceral afferents
  • Sensory to eardrum
  • Sensory to muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx
165
Q

What is the name of nerve XI?

A

The Spinal Accessory nerve

166
Q

What kind of nerve is the Spinal Accessory Nerve? (Sensory/Motor + Autonomic)

A

Pure Motor

167
Q

Where does the Spinal Accessory nerve originate?

A

The medulla and upper spinal cord

168
Q

What is the Cranial portion of the Spinal Accessory Nerve distributed to and by what?

A

Distributed by CN X to palate, pharynx and larynx

169
Q

What is the Spinal portion of the Spinal Accessory Nerve distributed to and by what?

A

The spinal accessory nerve and supplies trapezius and sternocleidomastoid mastoid muscles in the neck

170
Q

What does the Spinal portion of the Spinal Accessory Nerve innervate?

A

The trapezius and the Sternocleidomastoid muscles in the neck

171
Q

What is the result of damage to the Spinal Accessory Nerve?

A

Weakness when shrugging shoulders and turning head to one side against resistance

172
Q

What kind of Nerve is the Hypoglossal Nerve? (Sensory/Motor + Autonomic?)

A

Pure motor

173
Q

Where does the Hypoglossal Nerve originate?

A

The medulla

174
Q

What does the Hypoglossal Nerve innervate?

A

The muscles of the tongue

175
Q

What does damage or disease to the Hypoglossal Nerve cause?

A

The inability to protrude tongue symmetrically

Anat (26 decks)

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