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Anat > Lecture 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of body structure and the relationship between structures in the body

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2
Q

What is Gross Anatomy?

A

Structures that can be examined without a microscope

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3
Q

What is Histology?

A

The study of tissues and their organization into organs

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4
Q

What are the levels of body organization in order?

A 
Atoms
Complex Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of Tissue?

A

Connective Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue

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7
Q

What are the 10 Organ Systems of the body?

A 
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system (cardiovascular and lymphatics)
Integumentary system
Gastrointestinal system
Endocrine system
Urinary system
Reproductive system
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8
Q

What are the components of the Skeletal system?

A 
Axial and appendicular skeletons
Bones
Bone Marrow
Cartilages
Joints
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9
Q

What are the Functions of the Skeletal System?

A

Supports and protects soft tissues
Movement
Mineral storage
Production of blood cells

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10
Q

What are the components of the Muscular System?

A 
Skeletal Muscles
Axial and Appendicular
Groups and compartments
Tendons and aponeuroses
Voluntary sphincters
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11
Q

What is the function of Tendons?

A

Attaching muscle to bones

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12
Q

What are Aponeuroses?

A

A bunch of flat tendons

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13
Q

What is produced every time a muscle contracts?

A

Heat

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14
Q

What are functions of the Muscular System?

A 
Movement at joints and maintenance of posture
Protection of organs
Respiration
Control of orifices
Heat generators
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15
Q

What are the components of the Nervous system?

A

Central Nervous system - Brain and Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous system - Nerves

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16
Q

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

A

Immediate response to stimuli

Integrate activities of organ system

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17
Q

What are the components of the Respiratory system?

A

Nasal Cavity and sinuses
Airways: Larynx, trachea, bronchi
Lungs
Diaphragm

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18
Q

What are the function of the Respiratory system?

A

Transportation of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Phonotation
Olfactory sensation to CNS

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19
Q

What is the common tube of the airways?

A

The Pharynx

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20
Q

What is Phonotation?

A

Speaking through vibration

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21
Q

What are the Components of the Cardiovascular System?

A

Heart
Vasculature (blood vessels)
Arteries, veins, & capillaries

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22
Q

What are the functions of the Cardiovascular system?

A

Distribution, collection and redistribution of nutriels, gases, wastes and hormones
Thermoregulation

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23
Q

What are the components of the Lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic vessels, nodes and tonsils

Spleen, thymus and bone marrow

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24
Q

What are the functions Lymphatic System?

A

Transportation
Circulation and modification of tissue fluid
Defends against infection and disease

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25
Q

Where does the Lymphatic system get its fluid from?

A

Cells produce extra fluid which goes into the lymphatic system to help fight against infection and disease

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26
Q

What are the components of the Integumentary system?

A

Skin and associated structures
Nails
Hair follicles
Associated glands, sweat glands mammary glands

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27
Q

What is special to the integumentary system?

A

It has its own layer of fat

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28
Q

What are the functions of the Integumentary system?

A

Protection against environmental hazards

Helps control body temperature

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29
Q

What is the function of Gastrointestinal system?

A

Processes and absorbs nutrients

Eliminates waste

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30
Q

What are the components of the Gastrointestinal system?

A

GI tube
Oral cavity, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, rectum, anus
Associated glands
Salivary, liver, pancreas

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31
Q

What does the Liver control?

A

Everything that is absorbed into the body

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32
Q

What are the components of the Endocrine system?

A

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands
Liver and pancreas
Gonads (testes and ovaries)

33
Q

What are the functions of the Endocrine system?

A

Long term regulation of other organ systems

34
Q

What are the Glands of the Endocrine system?

A

Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal glands

35
Q

What are the double agents of the Endocrine system?

A

Liver and Pancreas

36
Q

Why are the Liver and Pancreas double agents?

A

Because they function in the GI system and Endocrine system

37
Q

What are the components of the Urinary system?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

38
Q

What does the Liver do with nutrients that are absorbed?

A

It determines what to do with them

39
Q

What are the functions of the Urinary system?

A

Production, storage and elimination of urine

Filters blood

40
Q

What is contained in urine?

A

Water, salts and waste products

41
Q

What is the function of the Reproductive system?

A

Production of gametes
Development of embryo
Reproductive hormonal regulation

42
Q

What are the components of the Reproductive system in Females?

A

Female: Ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, vagina

43
Q

What are the components of the Reproductive system in Males?

A

Male: Prostate, testes, vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicles

44
Q

What are the components of the Reproductive system in both males and females?

A

External genitalia

Mammary glands

45
Q

What is Lateral view?

A

Looking from the side

46
Q

What is Frontal view?

A

Looking from the front

47
Q

What does Cranial mean?

A

Towards the head

48
Q

What does Caudal mean?

A

Away from the head

49
Q

What does Posterior or Dorsal mean?

A

The back

50
Q

What does Anterior or Ventral mean?

A

The front

51
Q

What does Lateral mean?

A

Away from the midline of the body

52
Q

What does Proximal mean?

A

Towards or nearest the point of origin or trunk

53
Q

What does Distal mean?

A

Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part

54
Q

What does Medial mean?

A

Toward the midline of the body

55
Q

What is the Frontal/Coronal plane of dissection?

A

Splitting the body into anterior and posterior

56
Q

What is the Sagittal plane of dissection?

A

Splitting the body into Lateral and Medial

57
Q

What is the Transverse plane of dissection?

A

Splitting the body into superior and inferior

58
Q

What are the 7 Cavities of the body?

A 
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
Pleural Cavity
Pericardial Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
59
Q

How many pleural cavities are there?

A

2

60
Q

What are the 4 Abdominal quadrants?

A

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

61
Q

What is contained in the Right Upper Quadrant?

A 
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Transverse colon
62
Q

What is contained in the Left Upper Quadrant?

A 
Stomach
Spleen
Body and tail of pancreas
Jejunum
Transverse colon
63
Q

What is contained in the Right Lower Quadrant?

A

Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Ileum

64
Q

What is contained in the Left Lower Quadrant?

A

Descending and sigmoid colon, ileum

65
Q

What is Flexion?

A

Decreasing the angle between two parts

66
Q

What is Extension?

A

Increasing the angle between two parts

67
Q

What are the specific names to describe Flexion and Extension in Feet?

A

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

68
Q

What is Adduction of Abduction?

A

Moving toward or away from a midline reference point

69
Q

What is Abduction?

A

Taking away from the midline body

70
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Moving towards the midline of the body

71
Q

What is Medial Rotation?

A

Rotation towards the midline of the body

72
Q

What is Lateral Rotation?

A

Rotation away from the midline of the body

73
Q

What is Circumduction?

A

Moving everything in a circle at the joint

74
Q

What is Opposition?

A

Bringing the thumb and middle finger together

75
Q

What is Reposition?

A

Removing the connection of the thumb and middle finger

76
Q

What is Retrusion and Protrusion?

A

Retrusion - Movement in a backwards direction

Protrusion - Movement in a forward direction

77
Q

What is Supination?

A

Rotation leaving the thumbs pointing away from the body

78
Q

What is Protonation?

A

Rotation leaving the thumb pointing towards the midline of the body

Anat (26 decks)

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