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Anat > Lecture 17: GI 1.5 > Flashcards

Lecture 17: GI 1.5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the tissue at the beginning and ending of the GI tube?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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2
Q

What is the function of the Stratified squamous epithelium at the beginning and end of the tube?

A

Protects from abrasion

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3
Q

What is the Oral Mucosa?

A

The stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity

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4
Q

Which structures help with digestion in the Oral cavity?

A

Teeth, Tongue, Palatal surfaces, Cheeks

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5
Q

What is the function of Saliva?

A
  • Lubricate food

* Mix food with serous fluid and chemicals to break down food

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6
Q

What is Amylase?

A

An enzyme that breaks down carbs

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7
Q

What does the Hard Palate do?

A

Separates the nasal and oral cavity

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8
Q

What does the soft palate do?

A

Allows you to chew and breathe at the same time

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9
Q

What are the cheeks made of?

A

Buccal fat pads + oral mucosa

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10
Q

What is the Oral Vestibule?

A

The space between the lips, cheeks and teeth

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11
Q

Which part mixes air, food and liquid?

A

The Pharynx

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the Pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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13
Q

What are the 3 tonsils called?

A

Pharyngeal, Palatine, Lingual

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14
Q

What are the 3 main parts of teeth?

A
  • Crown
  • Neck
  • Root
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15
Q

What is a Gomphosis?

A

The joint between a tooth and a bone held by the periodontal ligament

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16
Q

What is the Root Canal?

A

The portion of teeth that contain vessels to feed teeth

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17
Q

Where does the Root Canal end up?

A

The pulp cavity

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18
Q

Where does the Root Canal end up?

A

The pulp cavity

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19
Q

What are the four shapes of teeth?

A
  • Incisors
  • Canines
  • Premolars
  • Molars
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20
Q

What is the function of Incisors?

A

Blade-like, clip/cut food

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21
Q

What is the function of Canines?

A

Pointed, tear/slash food

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22
Q

What is the function of Premolars (bicuspid)?

A

Crush/mash/grind food

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23
Q

What is the function of the Molars (Multi-cuspid)?

A

Crush/grind food

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24
Q

Which teeth are Bicuspid?

A

Premolars

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25
Q

Which teeth are multi cuspid?

A

Molars

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26
Q

What is the upper dentition innervated by?

A

CN V2 (maxillary branch)

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27
Q

What is lower detention innervated by?

A

CN V3 (mandibular branch)

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28
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

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29
Q

When do permanent teeth erupt?

A

Between 6-18

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30
Q

How many incisors are there?

A

4 - the central and lateral ones

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31
Q

How many canines are there?

A

2

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32
Q

How many premolars are there?

A

Four

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33
Q

How many Molars are there?

A

Three

34
Q

How many baby teeth/deciduous teeth are there?

A

20

35
Q

What do baby teeth lack?

A

Premolars

36
Q

Which CN innervates the tongue?

A

CN XII - Hypoglossal

37
Q

What are the two types of Tongue Muscles?

A
  • Intrinsic

* Extrinsic

38
Q

How many orientations do Intrinsic muscles have?

A

3

39
Q

How many orientations to Extrinsic muscles have?

A

5

40
Q

What do Intrinsic muscles control?

A

Shape of the tongue for speech

41
Q

What do Extrinsic muscles control?

A

Swallowing

42
Q

What are the Extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Palatoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Genioglossus
43
Q

What tissue is the surface of the tongue made of?

A

Stratified epithelium

44
Q

What does the Terminal Sulcus of the tongue do?

A

Separate the anterior (body) of the tongue and the posterior 1/3 (root) of the tongue

45
Q

What is sensation of the Anterior 2/3 of the tongue done by?

A

The mandibular nerve - CN V3

46
Q

What is the sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue innervated by?

A

Glossopharyngeal - CN IX

47
Q

Which part of the tongue have different receptors of tase?

A

The papillae

48
Q

What is taste of the Tongue innervated by?

A

Anterior 2/3 - Facial N via chorda tympani CN VII

Posterior 1/3 - Glossopharyngeal CN IX

49
Q

What do the exocrine glands with ducts into the oral cavity secrete?

A
  • Serous secretions

* Mucous secretions

50
Q

What do serous secretions in the oral cavity do?

A

Moisten food and contain enzymes (amylase) to break down carbohydrate

51
Q

What do Mucous secretions in the oral cavity do?

A

Lubricate the passage of food

52
Q

What enzyme does the saliva contain?

A

Amylase

53
Q

What are the functions of Saliva?

A
  • Contain amylase
  • Buffers to regulate oral pH
  • Contain antibodies for immune surveillance
  • Dissolves chemicals that stimulate the taste buds
54
Q

What are the glands in the Oral Cavity?

A
  • Sublingual gland
  • Submandibular gland
  • Parotid gland
55
Q

What is the largest salivary gland in the oral cavity?

A

Parotid gland

56
Q

Where does the Parotid gland duct empty?

A

In oral vestibule by 2nd maxillary molar

57
Q

What is the Parotid gland innervated by?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

58
Q

What does the Parotid gland secrete?

A

Serous secretions (amylase)

59
Q

What does the Sublingual gland of the oral cavity secrete?

A

Mainly mucous secretions (mucin)

60
Q

Where are sublingual ducts in the mouth?

A

The floor of the mouth - sublingual plicae

61
Q

What is the Sublingual gland innervated by?

A

Parasympathetic innervation - CN VII (facial nerve)

62
Q

What is the Sublingual Plica associated with?

A

The sublingual gland

63
Q

What does the Submandibular gland secrete?

A

A mixture of serous and mucous secretions

64
Q

What is the submandibular gland innervated by?

A

Parasympathetic innervation - CN VII (facial nerve)

65
Q

What is the Sublingual Caruncle associated with?

A

The submandibular glands

66
Q

Why does the pharynx not have respiratory epithelium?

A

Because it is a common passageway for for food, liquid and air

67
Q

What type of epithelium is the pharynx made of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

68
Q

Which muscles elevate the palate when swallowing?

A

Tensor and levator palatini

69
Q

What are the names of the Pharyngeal Constrictors?

A

Superior, middle and inferior

70
Q

What do the Pharyngeal constrictor muscles do?

A

Help elevate the larynx and push the bolus towards the esophagus

71
Q

What do glands in the Pharynx secrete?

A

Serous and mucous substances

72
Q

What is the Pharynx innervated by?

A

CN X - Vagus nerve

73
Q

What muscles contract when swallowing?

A
  • Tongue muscles
  • Muscles on the floor of the mouth
  • Levator and tensor veli palatini muscles
  • Pharyngeal constrictors
74
Q

What ensures the nasopharynx is closed when swallowing?

A

Elevation of the pharynx and larynx

75
Q

What do circular muscles of the esophagus do?

A

ensures food doesn’t go backwards

76
Q

What do longitudinal muscles of the Esophagus do?

A

Propel food forward

77
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Contracting both the longitudinal and circular muscles in the stomach and colon which doesn’t cause movement but breaks down food or compacts food

78
Q

Where does the Esophagus span?

A

C6 - T7 cricoid cartilage to posterior mediastinum to abdomen

79
Q

What is the transition of muscle in the esophagus?

A

It goes from skeletal to smooth muscle

80
Q

What does the cardiac spinchter of the esophagus do?

A

Pinches off the esophagus from the stomach to ensure there is no acid going up

Anat (26 decks)

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